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Applying a modification of Extreme value Theory (thanks to a dual distribution technique by the authors on data over the past 2,500 years, we show that pandemics are extremely fat-tailed in terms of fatalities, with a marked potentially…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-07-07 Pasquale Cirillo , Nassim Nicholas Taleb

It is important to understand to what extent, and in what perspectives, cyber attacks can be predicted. Despite its evident importance, this problem was not investigated until very recently, when we proposed using the innovative methodology…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-03-25 Zhenxin Zhan , Maochao Xu , Shouhuai Xu

The univariate generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution is the most commonly used tool for analyzing the properties of rare events. The ever greater utilization of Bayesian methods for extreme value analysis warrants detailed…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-07-03 Likun Zhang , Benjamin A. Shaby

This article introduces the R package evgam. The package provides functions for fitting extreme value distributions. These include the generalized extreme value and generalized Pareto distributions. The former can also be fitted through a…

Computation · Statistics 2020-11-10 Benjamin D. Youngman

Quantifying and predicting rare and extreme events persists as a crucial yet challenging task in understanding complex dynamical systems. Many practical challenges arise from the infrequency and severity of these events, including the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-23 Kai Chang , Themistoklis P. Sapsis

Each year, seasonal influenza epidemics cause hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide and put high loads on health care systems. A main concern for resource planning is the risk of exceptionally severe epidemics. Taking advantage of…

Applications · Statistics 2021-06-29 Maud Thomas , Holger Rootzén

We introduce the Axial Seamount Eruption Forecasting Experiment (EFE), a real-time initiative designed to test the predictability of volcanic eruptions through a transparent, physics-based framework. The experiment is inspired by the…

Climate hazards can cause major disasters when they occur simultaneously as compound hazards. To understand the distribution of climate risk and inform adaptation policies, scientists need to simulate a large number of physically realistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Alison Peard , Jim Hall

Extreme values and the tail behavior of probability distributions are essential for quantifying and mitigating risk in complex systems of all kinds. In multivariate settings, accounting for correlations is crucial. Although extreme value…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-03-06 Benjamin Köhler , Anton J. Heckens , Thomas Guhr

We introduce a new dynamical indicator of stability based on the Extreme Value statistics showing that it provides an insight on the local stability properties of dynamical systems. The indicator perform faster than other based on the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-07-19 Davide Faranda , Valerio Lucarini , Giorgio Turchetti , Sandro Vaienti

A common approach for modeling extremes, such as peak flow or high temperatures, is the three-parameter Generalized Extreme-Value distribution. This is typically fit to extreme observations, here defined as maxima over disjoint blocks. This…

Applications · Statistics 2025-10-07 Nathan Huet , Ilaria Prosdocimi

Inferring variable importance is the key problem of many scientific studies, where researchers seek to learn the effect of a feature $X$ on the outcome $Y$ in the presence of confounding variables $Z$. Focusing on classification problems,…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-11 Wenshuo Wang , Lucas Janson , Lihua Lei , Aaditya Ramdas

In this short note, I comment on the research of Pisarenko et al. (2014) regarding the extreme value theory and statistics in case of earthquake magnitudes. The link between the generalized extreme value distribution (GEVD) as an asymptotic…

Geophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 Mathias Raschke

Systemic risk measures have been shown to be predictive of financial crises and declines in real activity. Thus, forecasting them is of major importance in finance and economics. In this paper, we propose a new forecasting method for…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-23 Yannick Hoga

In this study, we begin a comprehensive characterisation of temperature extremes in Ireland for the period 1981-2010. We produce return levels of anomalies of daily maximum temperature extremes for an area over Ireland, for the 30-year…

Applications · Statistics 2019-06-18 John O'Sullivan , Conor Sweeney , Andrew C. Parnell

Changes in extreme weather may produce some of the largest societal impacts of anthropogenic climate change. However, it is intrinsically difficult to estimate changes in extreme events from the short observational record. In this work we…

Data augmentation with generative adversarial networks (GANs) has been popular for class imbalance problems, mainly for pattern classification and computer vision-related applications. Extreme value forecasting is a challenging field that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Junru Hua , Rahul Ahluwalia , Rohitash Chandra

There is substantial empirical and climatological evidence that precipitation extremes have become more extreme during the twentieth century, and that this trend is likely to continue as global warming becomes more intense. However,…

In many applications of time series models, such as climate analysis and social media analysis, we are often interested in extreme events, such as heatwave, wind gust, and burst of topics. These time series data usually exhibit a…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-06-22 Yan Liu , Taha Bahadori , Hongfei Li

The last decade has seen numerous record-shattering heatwaves in all corners of the globe. In the aftermath of these devastating events, there is interest in identifying worst-case thresholds or upper bounds that quantify just how hot…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2025-01-24 Mark D. Risser , Likun Zhang , Michael F. Wehner