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This paper introduces a novel agent-based approach for enhancing existing portfolio strategies using Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO). Rather than focusing solely on traditional portfolio construction, our approach aims to improve an…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-02-06 Daniil Karzanov , Rubén Garzón , Mikhail Terekhov , Caglar Gulcehre , Thomas Raffinot , Marcin Detyniecki

Portfolio optimization involves determining the optimal allocation of portfolio assets in order to maximize a given investment objective. Traditionally, some form of mean-variance optimization is used with the aim of maximizing returns…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Fernando Acero , Parisa Zehtabi , Nicolas Marchesotti , Michael Cashmore , Daniele Magazzeni , Manuela Veloso

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has been extensively used to address portfolio optimization problems. The DRL agents acquire knowledge and make decisions through unsupervised interactions with their environment without requiring explicit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Ruoyu Sun , Yue Xi , Angelos Stefanidis , Zhengyong Jiang , Jionglong Su

Algorithmic trading or Financial robots have been conquering the stock markets with their ability to fathom complex statistical trading strategies. But with the recent development of deep learning technologies, these strategies are becoming…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-05-06 Ashish Anil Pawar , Vishnureddy Prashant Muskawar , Ritesh Tiku

This paper proposes a reinforcement learning--based framework for cryptocurrency portfolio management using the Soft Actor--Critic (SAC) and Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) algorithms. Traditional portfolio optimization methods…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-11-27 Kamal Paykan

Portfolio management is the art and science in fiance that concerns continuous reallocation of funds and assets across financial instruments to meet the desired returns to risk profile. Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has gained increasing…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2023-10-30 Yinheng Li , Junhao Wang , Yijie Cao

Recent developments in deep learning techniques have motivated intensive research in machine learning-aided stock trading strategies. However, since the financial market has a highly non-stationary nature hindering the application of…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2020-12-15 Kentaro Imajo , Kentaro Minami , Katsuya Ito , Kei Nakagawa

Portfolio traders strive to identify dynamic portfolio allocation schemes so that their total budgets are efficiently allocated through the investment horizon. This study proposes a novel portfolio trading strategy in which an intelligent…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2019-12-02 Hyungjun Park , Min Kyu Sim , Dong Gu Choi

In this paper, we present a novel trading strategy that integrates reinforcement learning methods with clustering techniques for portfolio management in multi-period trading. Specifically, we leverage the clustering method to categorize…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2023-10-03 Zhengyong Jiang , Jeyan Thiayagalingam , Jionglong Su , Jinjun Liang

This paper tackles the challenge of learning non-Markovian optimal execution strategies in dynamic financial markets. We introduce a novel actor-critic algorithm based on Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) to address this issue, with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Alessandro Micheli , Mélodie Monod

Machine Learning (ML) has been embraced as a powerful tool by the financial industry, with notable applications spreading in various domains including investment management. In this work, we propose a full-cycle data-driven investment…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2021-05-20 Haoran Wang , Shi Yu

Stock portfolio optimization is the process of continuous reallocation of funds to a selection of stocks. This is a particularly well-suited problem for reinforcement learning, as daily rewards are compounding and objective functions may…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2022-07-06 Charl Maree , Christian W. Omlin

Portfolio management is a fundamental problem in finance. It involves periodic reallocations of assets to maximize the expected returns within an appropriate level of risk exposure. Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has been considered a…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2022-10-05 Hui Niu , Siyuan Li , Jian Li

Reinforcement learning is a machine learning approach concerned with solving dynamic optimization problems in an almost model-free way by maximizing a reward function in state and action spaces. This property makes it an exciting area of…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2020-10-12 Miquel Noguer i Alonso , Sonam Srivastava

Portfolio optimization is essential for balancing risk and return in financial decision-making. Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has stood out as a cutting-edge tool for portfolio optimization that learns dynamic asset allocation using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Himanshu Choudhary , Arishi Orra , Manoj Thakur

We propose a reinforcement learning (RL) framework under a broad class of risk objectives, characterized by convex scoring functions. This class covers many common risk measures, such as variance, Expected Shortfall, entropic Value-at-Risk,…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-05-16 Shanyu Han , Yang Liu , Xiang Yu

In recent years, deep off-policy actor-critic algorithms have become a dominant approach to reinforcement learning for continuous control. One of the primary drivers of this improved performance is the use of pessimistic value updates to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-07 Ted Moskovitz , Jack Parker-Holder , Aldo Pacchiano , Michael Arbel , Michael I. Jordan

We study whether a risk-sensitive objective from asset-pricing theory -- recursive utility -- improves reinforcement learning for portfolio allocation. The Bellman equation under recursive utility involves a certainty equivalent (CE) of…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-03-25 Minkey Chang

Algorithmic trading refers to executing buy and sell orders for specific assets based on automatically identified trading opportunities. Strategies based on reinforcement learning (RL) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in addressing…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-07-03 Xi Cheng , Jinghao Zhang , Yunan Zeng , Wenfang Xue

We develop a deep reinforcement learning framework for dynamic portfolio optimization that combines a Dirichlet policy with cross-sectional attention mechanisms. The Dirichlet formulation ensures that portfolio weights are always feasible,…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Pei Xue , Yuanchun Ye