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Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are an emerging research field. This specialized Deep Neural Network (DNN) architecture is capable of processing graph structured data and bridges the gap between graph processing and Deep Learning (DL). As…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Jana Vatter , Ruben Mayer , Hans-Arno Jacobsen

It has been observed that message-passing graph neural networks (GNN) sometimes struggle to maintain a healthy balance between the efficient/scalable modeling of long-range dependencies across nodes while avoiding unintended consequences…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Yongyi Yang , Tang Liu , Yangkun Wang , Zengfeng Huang , David Wipf

Ensuring the quality of black-box Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) has become ever more significant, especially in safety-critical domains such as automated driving. While global concept encodings generally enable a user to test a model for a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Franz Motzkus , Georgii Mikriukov , Christian Hellert , Ute Schmid

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) resurge as a trending research subject owing to their impressive ability to capture representations from graph-structured data. However, the black-box nature of GNNs presents a significant challenge in terms of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Tianchun Wang , Dongsheng Luo , Wei Cheng , Haifeng Chen , Xiang Zhang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become increasingly ubiquitous in numerous applications and systems, necessitating explanations of their predictions, especially when making critical decisions. However, explaining GNNs is challenging due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Tien-Cuong Bui , Van-Duc Le , Wen-syan Li , Sang Kyun Cha

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are deep learning architectures for machine learning problems on graphs. It has recently been shown that the expressiveness of GNNs can be characterised precisely by the combinatorial Weisfeiler-Leman algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Martin Grohe

As the use of deep learning techniques has grown across various fields over the past decade, complaints about the opaqueness of the black-box models have increased, resulting in an increased focus on transparency in deep learning models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Siwen Luo , Hamish Ivison , Caren Han , Josiah Poon

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are a class of deep models that operate on data with arbitrary topology represented as graphs. We introduce an efficient memory layer for GNNs that can jointly learn node representations and coarsen the graph.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Amir Hosein Khasahmadi , Kaveh Hassani , Parsa Moradi , Leo Lee , Quaid Morris

A central question in neuroscience is how self-organizing dynamic interactions in the brain emerge on their relatively static structural backbone. Due to the complexity of spatial and temporal dependencies between different brain areas,…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-10-15 Simon Wein , Wilhelm Malloni , Ana Maria Tomé , Sebastian M. Frank , Gina-Isabelle Henze , Stefan Wüst , Mark W. Greenlee , Elmar W. Lang

Despite substantial progress in applying neural networks (NN) to a wide variety of areas, they still largely suffer from a lack of transparency and interpretability. While recent developments in explainable artificial intelligence attempt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Yunhao Ge , Yao Xiao , Zhi Xu , Meng Zheng , Srikrishna Karanam , Terrence Chen , Laurent Itti , Ziyan Wu

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are effective machine learning models for various graph learning problems. Despite their empirical successes, the theoretical limitations of GNNs have been revealed recently. Consequently, many GNN models have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Ryoma Sato

Graph neural networks (GNNs) aim to learn well-trained representations in a lower-dimension space for downstream tasks while preserving the topological structures. In recent years, attention mechanism, which is brilliant in the fields of…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Chengcheng Sun , Chenhao Li , Xiang Lin , Tianji Zheng , Fanrong Meng , Xiaobin Rui , Zhixiao Wang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become an effective tool for malware detection by capturing program execution through graph-structured representations. However, important challenges remain regarding scalability, interpretability, and the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Hossein Shokouhinejad , Griffin Higgins , Roozbeh Razavi-Far , Ali A. Ghorbani

Capsule Networks, as alternatives to Convolutional Neural Networks, have been proposed to recognize objects from images. The current literature demonstrates many advantages of CapsNets over CNNs. However, how to create explanations for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Jindong Gu , Volker Tresp

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art results in computer vision and medical image classification tasks by capturing structural dependencies across data instances. However, their decision-making remains largely opaque,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Prajit Sengupta , Islem Rekik

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have received great attention due to their success in various graph-related learning tasks. Several GNN frameworks have then been developed for fast and easy implementation of GNN models. Despite their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Xin Huang , Jongryool Kim , Bradley Rees , Chul-Ho Lee

While graph neural networks (GNNs) have shown a great potential in various tasks on graph, the lack of transparency has hindered understanding how GNNs arrived at its predictions. Although few explainers for GNNs are explored, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Chaojie Ji , Ruxin Wang , Hongyan Wu

Generating explanations for graph neural networks (GNNs) has been studied to understand their behavior in analytical tasks such as graph classification. Existing approaches aim to understand the overall results of GNNs rather than providing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Tingyang Chen , Dazhuo Qiu , Yinghui Wu , Arijit Khan , Xiangyu Ke , Yunjun Gao

There is growing interest in concept-based models (CBMs) that combine high-performance and interpretability by acquiring and reasoning with a vocabulary of high-level concepts. A key requirement is that the concepts be interpretable.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Emanuele Marconato , Andrea Passerini , Stefano Teso

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are the most widely adopted model in graph-structured data oriented learning and representation. Despite their extraordinary success in real-world applications, understanding their working mechanism by theory is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Huayi Tang , Yong Liu
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