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Rydberg atom arrays constitute a promising quantum information platform, where control over several hundred qubits has been demonstrated. Further scaling could significantly benefit from coupling to integrated optical or electronic devices,…

We propose a quantum sensor for electric fields based on networks of Rydberg atoms. The sensing mechanism exploits the strong dependence of the Rydberg blockade on the applied electric field near a F\"orster resonance. In this regime,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Philip Kitson , Wayne J. Chetcuti , Gerhard Birkl , Luigi Amico , Juan Polo

Rydberg atom,which exhibits a strong response to weak electric(E) fields,is regarded as a promising atomic receiver to surpass sensitivity of conventional receivers. However, its sensitivity is strongly limited by the noise coming from both…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2024-10-08 Bo Wu , Ruiqi Mao , Yi Liu , Di Sang , Yanli Zhou , Yi Lin , Qiang An , Yunqi Fu

We demonstrate a multiphoton Rydberg dark resonance where a Lambda-system is coupled to a Rydberg state. This N-type level scheme combines the ability to slow and store light pulses associated with long lived ground state superpositions,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 M. G. Bason , A. K. Mohapatra , K. J. Weatherill , C. S. Adams

Recent work has shown the promise of applying deep learning to enhance software processing of radio frequency (RF) signals. In parallel, hardware developments with quantum RF sensors based on Rydberg atoms are breaking longstanding barriers…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-24 Pranav Gokhale , Caitlin Carnahan , William Clark , Teague Tomesh , Frederic T. Chong

The phase noise of incident light fields can be converted into amplitude noise via absorption and dispersion effects in media under electromagnetically induced transparency. The conversion process is sensitive to two-photon detuning. This…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2021-11-30 Jun He , Qiang Liu , Ze Yang , Qiqi Niu , Xiaojuan Ban , Yijie Du , Junmin Wang

Rydberg-aided atomic electrometry using alkali-metal atoms is gaining increased research interest for detecting external electric fields. However, the inability of Rydberg probes to detect phase is a serious impediment to their realistic…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-07 Peter Vouras , Kumar Vijay Mishra , Alexandra Artusio-Glimpse

Stabilizing important physical quantities to atom-based standards lies at the heart of modern atomic, molecular and optical physics, and is widely applied to the field of precision metrology. Of particular importance is the atom-based…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2022-10-18 Yafen Cai , Shuai Shi , Yijia Zhou , Jianhao Yu , Yali Tian , Yitong Li , Kuan Zhang , Chenhao Du , Weibin Li , Lin Li

Rydberg atom-based antennas exploit the quantum properties of highly excited Rydberg atoms, providing unique advantages over classical antennas, such as high sensitivity, broad frequency range, and compact size. Despite the increasing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-09 Shuai S. A. Yuan , Xinyi Y. I. Xu , Jinpeng Yuan , Guoda Xie , Chongwen Huang , Xiaoming Chen , Zhixiang Huang , Wei E. I. Sha

We combine a rubidium vapor cell with a corner-cube prism reflector to form a passive RF transducer, allowing the detection of microwave signals at a location distant from the active components required for atomic sensing. This compact…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-05 J. S. Otto , M. Chilcott , A. B. Deb , N. Kjærgaard

Rydberg atomic quantum receivers (RAQRs) have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their ultra-high sensitivity. Although capable of precisely detecting the amplitude and phase of weak signals, conventional RAQRs face…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-14 Huizhi Wang , Tierui Gong , Emil Björnson , Chau Yuen

In this work, we demonstrate the use of a Rydberg atom-based sensor for determining the angle-of-arrival of an incident radio-frequency (RF) wave or signal. The technique uses electromagnetically induced transparency in Rydberg atomic vapor…

We have observed Stueckelberg oscillations in the dipole-dipole interaction between Rydberg atoms with an externally applied radio-frequency field. The oscillating RF field brings the interaction between cold Rydberg atoms in two separated…

Microwave (MW) field sensing is foundational to modern technology, yet its evolution, reliant on classical antennas, is constrained by fundamental physical limits on field, temporal, and spatial resolutions. Here, we demonstrate an MW…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Yao-Wen Zhang , De-Sheng Xiang , Ren Liao , Hao-Xiang Liu , Biao Xu , Peng Zhou , Yijia Zhou , Kuan Zhang , Lin Li

Cold atom magnetometers exploit a dense ensemble of quanta with long coherence times to realise leading sensitivity on the micrometer scale. Configured as a Ramsey interferometer, a cold atom sensor can approach atom shot-noise limited…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-21 Hamish A. M. Taylor , Christopher C. Bounds , Alex Tritt , L. D. Turner

The Rydberg-based microwave detection is an all-optical technology that uses the strong coherent interaction between Rydberg atoms and microwave field. Different from the traditional microwave meter, the Rydberg atomic sensing is a new-type…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2025-08-05 Xue Jingjing , Li Ruonan , Hu Xuesong , Sun Peisheng , Zhou Haitao , Zang Junxiang

The giant electro-optical response of Rydberg atoms manifests itself in the emergence of sidebands in the Rydberg excitation spectrum if the atom is exposed to a radio-frequency (RF) electric field. Here we report on the study of RF-dressed…

We demonstrate a technique based on optical heterodyne detection to measure Rydberg population in thermal atomic vapour. The technique used a probe beam far off resonant to the D2 line of rubidium along with a reference beam with frequency…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-21 Arup Bhowmick , Dushmanta Kara , Ashok K. Mohapatra

The development of a microwave electrometer with inherent uncertainty approaching its ultimate limit carries both fundamental and technological significance. Recently, the Rydberg electrometer has garnered considerable attention due to its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-14 Hai-Tao Tu , Kai-Yu Liao , Guo-Dong He , Yi-Fei Zhu , Si-Yuan Qiu , Hao Jiang , Wei Huang , Wu Bian , Hui Yan , Shi-Liang Zhu

We study Rydberg atoms modulated by strong radio-frequency (RF) fields with a frequency of 70 MHz. The Rydberg atoms are prepared in a room temperature cesium cell, and their level structure is probed using electromagnetically induced…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2017-07-31 Yuechun Jiao , Zhiwei Yang , Jingkui Li , Georg Raithel , Jianming Zhao , Suotang Jia