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Related papers: ProPaLL: Probabilistic Partial Label Learning

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Weakly supervised machine learning algorithms are able to learn from ambiguous samples or labels, e.g., multi-instance learning or partial-label learning. However, in some real-world tasks, each training sample is associated with not only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Wei Tang , Weijia Zhang , Min-Ling Zhang

Self-training is an effective approach to semi-supervised learning. The key idea is to let the learner itself iteratively generate "pseudo-supervision" for unlabeled instances based on its current hypothesis. In combination with consistency…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-05 Julian Lienen , Eyke Hüllermeier

Multi-label image recognition with partial labels (MLR-PL) is designed to train models using a mix of known and unknown labels. Traditional methods rely on semantic or feature correlations to create pseudo-labels for unidentified labels…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Haoxian Ruan , Zhihua Xu , Zhijing Yang , Guang Ma , Jieming Xie , Changxiang Fan , Tianshui Chen

Partial label learning (PLL) aims to train multiclass classifiers from the examples each annotated with a set of candidate labels where a fixed but unknown candidate label is correct. In the last few years, the instance-independent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Ning Xu , Biao Liu , Jiaqi Lv , Congyu Qiao , Xin Geng

Complementary-label learning (CLL) is a weakly supervised learning paradigm for multiclass classification, where only complementary labels -- indicating classes an instance does not belong to -- are provided to the learning algorithm.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Nai-Xuan Ye , Tan-Ha Mai , Hsiu-Hsuan Wang , Wei-I Lin , Hsuan-Tien Lin

Learning from Label Proportions (LLP) is a weakly supervised learning method that aims to perform instance classification from training data consisting of pairs of bags containing multiple instances and the class label proportions within…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Ryoma Kobayashi , Yusuke Mukuta , Tatsuya Harada

Prior work on partial labels learning (PLL) has shown that learning is possible even when each instance is associated with a bag of labels, rather than a single accurate but costly label. However, the necessary conditions for learning with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-23 Nicolas A. Errandonea , Santiago Mazuelas , Jose A. Lozano , Sanjoy Dasgupta

Annotating datasets is one of the main costs in nowadays supervised learning. The goal of weak supervision is to enable models to learn using only forms of labelling which are cheaper to collect, as partial labelling. This is a type of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Vivien Cabannes , Alessandro Rudi , Francis Bach

In Multiple Instance learning (MIL), weak labels are provided at the bag level with only presence/absence information known. However, there is a considerable gap in performance in comparison to a fully supervised model, limiting the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-22 Anxiang Zhang , Ankit Shah , Bhiksha Raj

Multi-label learning often requires identifying all relevant labels for training instances, but collecting full label annotations is costly and labor-intensive. In many datasets, only a single positive label is annotated per training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Misgina Tsighe Hagos , Claes Lundström

In partial multi-label learning (PML), each data example is equipped with a candidate label set, which consists of multiple ground-truth labels and other false-positive labels. Recently, graph-based methods, which demonstrate a good ability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Haobo Wang , Shisong Yang , Gengyu Lyu , Weiwei Liu , Tianlei Hu , Ke Chen , Songhe Feng , Gang Chen

Multi-instance partial-label learning (MIPL) is an emerging learning framework where each training sample is represented as a multi-instance bag associated with a candidate label set. Existing MIPL algorithms often overlook the margins for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Wei Tang , Yin-Fang Yang , Zhaofei Wang , Weijia Zhang , Min-Ling Zhang

The expense of acquiring labels in large-scale statistical machine learning makes partially and weakly-labeled data attractive, though it is not always apparent how to leverage such data for model fitting or validation. We present a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-10 Maxime Cauchois , Suyash Gupta , Alnur Ali , John Duchi

Partial label learning (PLL) is an important problem that allows each training example to be labeled with a coarse candidate set, which well suits many real-world data annotation scenarios with label ambiguity. Despite the promise, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Haobo Wang , Ruixuan Xiao , Yixuan Li , Lei Feng , Gang Niu , Gang Chen , Junbo Zhao

The "Curse of dimensionality" is prevalent across various data patterns, which increases the risk of model overfitting and leads to a decline in model classification performance. However, few studies have focused on this issue in Partial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Wanfu Gao , Hanlin Pan , Qingqi Han , Kunpeng Liu

Partial Label Learning (PLL) aims to learn from the data where each training instance is associated with a set of candidate labels, among which only one is correct. Most existing methods deal with such problem by either treating each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Gengyu Lyu , Songhe Feng , Yi Jin , Guojun Dai , Congyan Lang , Yidong Li

Complementary-label learning (CLL) is widely used in weakly supervised classification, but it faces a significant challenge in real-world datasets when confronted with class-imbalanced training samples. In such scenarios, the number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Meng Wei , Yong Zhou , Zhongnian Li , Xinzheng Xu

In partial label learning (PLL), each training sample is associated with a set of candidate labels, among which only one is valid. The core of PLL is to disambiguate the candidate labels to get the ground-truth one. In disambiguation, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Yuheng Jia , Chongjie Si , Min-ling Zhang

Multi-label image classification aims to predict all possible labels in an image. It is usually formulated as a partial-label learning problem, given the fact that it could be expensive in practice to annotate all labels in every training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Rabab Abdelfattah , Xin Zhang , Zhenyao Wu , Xinyi Wu , Xiaofeng Wang , Song Wang

Complementary-label Learning (CLL) is a form of weakly supervised learning that trains an ordinary classifier using only complementary labels, which are the classes that certain instances do not belong to. While existing CLL studies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Wei-I Lin , Gang Niu , Hsuan-Tien Lin , Masashi Sugiyama