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According to a widespread view, the Bell theorem establishes the untenability of so-called 'local realism'. On the basis of this view, recent proposals by Leggett, Zeilinger and others have been developed according to which it can be proved…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Federico Laudisa

In the present paper it is demonstrated that the quantum correlation (2-dim unitary parameter vectors) can be arbitrarily close approximated with a local hidden variables model. Moreover, the CHSH inequality can be violated with the present…

General Physics · Physics 2008-11-28 J. F. Geurdes

The Bell's inequalities are derived from the hypotheses of Locality, Realism and (what is lesser known) the equality between the factual and the counterfactual time averages of the expectation values of observables. The necessity of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-26 Alejandro A. Hnilo

Bell inequalities may only be derived, if hidden variables do not depend on the experimental settings. The stochastic independence of hidden and setting variables is called: freedom of choice, free will, measurement independence or no…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-01 Marian Kupczynski

Bell's theorem supposedly demonstrates an irreconcilable conflict between quantum mechanics and local, realistic hidden variable theories. Most proofs of Bell's theorem, are based on inequalities. In this paper we present an alternative…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-10 Andrea Aiello

Bell inequalities follow from a set of seemingly natural assumptions about how to provide a causal model of a Bell experiment. In the face of their violation, two types of causal models that modify some of these assumptions have been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-11 Patrick J. Daley , Kevin J. Resch , Robert W. Spekkens

Bell's theorem guarantees that no model based on local variables can reproduce quantum correlations. Also some models based on non-local variables, if subject to apparently "reasonable" constraints, may fail to reproduce quantum physics. In…

J.S. Bell's work has convinced many that correlations in violation of CHSH inequalities show that the world itself is non-local, and that there is an apparently essential conflict between any sharp formulation of quantum theory and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-08-01 Richard Healey

EPR showed that two particles emitted from a source can be entangled by a shared wavefunction where two non-commuting observables (position, momentum) can be simultaneously real, leading to a contradiction with quantum mechanics (two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-12 Mafiz Uddin

The widespread claim that violations of Bell inequalities establish the nonlocality of nature is critically reexamined. It is argued that this conclusion is not logically compelled by either the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) argument or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Partha Ghose

As is well known, quantum mechanical behavior cannot, in general, be simulated by a local hidden variables model. Most -if not all- the proofs of this incompatibility refer to the correlations which arise when each of two (or more) systems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Sandu Popescu

We construct a non-contextual hidden variable model consistent with all the kinematic predictions of quantum mechanics (QM). The famous Bell-KS theorem shows that non-contextual models which satisfy a further reasonable restriction are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-26 Atul Singh Arora , Kishor Bharti , Arvind

Non-locality, or quantum-non-locality, are buzzwords in the community of quantum foundation and information scientists, which purportedly describe the implications of Bell's theorem. When such phrases are treated seriously, that is it is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-01-23 Marek Zukowski

Bell conditions for local realism are critically revisited. In particular for optical experiments I criticize Bell's proposed response of detectors to signals as extremely idealized. More physical conditions are proposed, whence a realistic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-02 Emilio Santos

This article contains a review of Nelson's analysis of Bell's theorem. It shows that Bell's inequalities can be violated with a theory of local random variables if one accepts that the outcomes of these variables are not predetermined prior…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-30 Benjamin Schulz

Bell's theorem has been widely argued to show that some of the predictions of quantum mechanics which are obtained by applying the {\it Born's rule} to a class of {\it entangled states}, are {\it not} compatible with {\it any} local-causal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-08 Agung Budiyono

Bell's theorem basically states that local hidden variable theory cannot predict the correlations produced by quantum mechanics. It is based on the assumption that Alice and Bob can choose measurements from a measurement set containing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-22 Yang D. Li

Local hidden-variable model of singlet-state correlations discussed in M. Czachor, Arithmetic loophole in Bell's Theorem: Overlooked threat to entangled-state quantum cryptography, Acta Phys. Polon. A 139, 70-83 (2021), is shown to be a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-27 Marek Czachor , Kamil Nalikowski

Quantum mechanics provides a statistical description about nature, and thus would be incomplete if its statistical predictions could not be accounted for some realistic models with hidden variables. There are, however, two powerful theorems…

It is shown that Bell's theorem fails for the Clifford algebra valued local realistic variables. This is made evident by exactly reproducing quantum mechanical expectation value for the EPR-Bohm type spin correlations observable by means of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-04-23 Joy Christian