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Quantum mechanics is strictly incompatible with local realism. It has been shown by Bell and others that it is possible, in principle, to experimentally differentiate between local realism and quantum mechanics. Numerous experiments have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-24 Patrick Fraser , Barry Sanders

Bell's theorem states that no description of a Bell experiment can be simultaneously local, realistic in the sense of counterfactual definiteness, and free of conspiracy between settings and hidden state. The recent generation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-15 Richard D Gill , Inge S. Helland , Bart Jongejan

Kupczynski (2023) claims that Gill and Lambare (2022a, 2022b) misrepresent several of his published papers. This paper shows that the latest version of his "contextuality by default" model of a Bell experiment places no constraints…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-05 Richard D. Gill

The conjecture is made that quantum mechanics is compatible with local hidden variables (or local realism). The conjecture seems to be ruled out by the theoretical argument of Bell, but it is supported by the empirical fact that nobody has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Emilio Santos

Bell's theorem shows that local realistic theories place strong restrictions on observable correlations between different systems, giving rise to Bell's inequality which can be violated in experiments using entangled quantum states. Bell's…

Since the experimental observation of the violation of the Bell-CHSH inequalities, much has been said about the non-local and contextual character of the underlying system. But the hypothesis from which Bell's inequalities are derived…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-09 Aldo F. G. Solis-Labastida , Melina Gastelum , Jorge G. Hirsch

Quantum violation of Bell inequalities is now used in many quantum information applications and it is important to analyze it both quantitatively and conceptually. In the present paper, we analyze violation of multipartite Bell inequalities…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-28 Elena R. Loubenets

The violation of Bell inequalities is often interpreted as showing that, if hidden variables exist, they must be contextual and non local. But they can also be explained questioning the probability space employed, or the validity of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-18 Aldo F. G. Solis-Labastida , Melina Gastelum , Jorge G. Hirsch

Fundamental principle of classical physics -- local realism, means that freely chosen observations can be explained by a local (slower than light) real process. It is apparently violated in quantum mechanics as shown by Bell theorem.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-07 Adam Bednorz

Despite claims that Bell's inequalities are based on the Einstein locality condition, or equivalent, all derivations make an identical mathematical assumption: that local hidden-variable theories produce a set of positive-definite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Tony Rothman , E. C. G. Sudarshan

Bell's Theorem rules out many potential reformulations of quantum mechanics, but within a generalized framework, it does not exclude all "locally-mediated" models. Such models describe the correlations between entangled particles as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-27 K. B. Wharton , N. Argaman

Bell inequalities are intended to show that local realist theories cannot describe the world. A local realist theory is one where physical properties are defined prior to and independent of measurement, and no physical influence can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-01 Jan-Åke Larsson

Bell inequalities exclude a broad class of local hidden-variable explanations of quantum correlations. A recurring objection is that the usual Bell form is static, whereas real measuring devices may contain local memory, stochastic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Ming Yang

Bell theorems show how to experimentally falsify local realism. Conclusive falsification is highly desirable as it would provide support for the most profoundly counterintuitive feature of quantum theory - nonlocality. Despite the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-02-22 Anne Broadbent , Hilary A. Carteret , Andre Allan Methot , Jonathan Walgate

In a Bell test, the set of observed probability distributions complying with the principle of local realism is fully characterized by Bell inequalities. Quantum theory allows for a violation of these inequalities, which is famously regarded…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-01 Mariami Gachechiladze , Bartłomiej Bąk , Marcin Pawłowski , Nikolai Miklin

Causal quantum theory is an umbrella term for ordinary quantum theory modified by two hypotheses: state vector reduction is a well-defined process, and strict local causality applies. The first of these holds in some versions of Copenhagen…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Adrian Kent

The predictions of local realistic theories for the observables concerning the evolution of a $K^0\bar{K}^0$ quantum entangled pair (created in the decay of the $\phi$-meson) are discussed. It is shown, in agreement with Bell's theorem,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 R. H. Dalitz , G. Garbarino

I demonstrate that Bell's theorem is based on circular reasoning and thus a fundamentally flawed argument. It unjustifiably assumes the additivity of expectation values for dispersion-free states of contextual hidden variable theories for…

General Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Joy Christian

In a local realist world view, physical properties are defined prior to and independent of measurement, and no physical influence can propagate faster than the speed of light. Proper experimental violation of a Bell inequality would show…

Bell nonlocality and Kochen-Specker contextuality are two remarkable nonclassical features of quantum theory, related to strong correlations between outcomes of measurements performed on quantum systems. Both phenomena can be witnessed by…