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It is today acknowledged that neural network language models outperform backoff language models in applications like speech recognition or statistical machine translation. However, training these models on large amounts of data can take…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2015-07-08 Aram Ter-Sarkisov , Holger Schwenk , Loic Barrault , Fethi Bougares

In spite of great advancements of machine reading comprehension (RC), existing RC models are still vulnerable and not robust to different types of adversarial examples. Neural models over-confidently predict wrong answers to semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Mantong Zhou , Minlie Huang , Xiaoyan Zhu

Adversarial examples are helpful for analyzing and improving the robustness of text classifiers. Generating high-quality adversarial examples is a challenging task as it requires generating fluent adversarial sentences that are semantically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Lei Xu , Alfredo Cuesta-Infante , Laure Berti-Equille , Kalyan Veeramachaneni

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools, but their inherent safety risks - ranging from harmful content generation to broader societal harms - pose significant challenges. These risks can be amplified by the recent…

Large-scale pre-trained language models such as BERT have contributed significantly to the development of NLP. However, those models require large computational resources, making it difficult to be applied to mobile devices where computing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Weixin Wu , Hankz Hankui Zhuo

Adversarial learning has emerged as one of the successful techniques to circumvent the susceptibility of existing methods against adversarial perturbations. However, the majority of existing defense methods are tailored to defend against a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Divyam Madaan , Jinwoo Shin , Sung Ju Hwang

We investigate the adversarial robustness of LLMs in transfer learning scenarios. Through comprehensive experiments on multiple datasets (MBIB Hate Speech, MBIB Political Bias, MBIB Gender Bias) and various model architectures (BERT,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Bohdan Turbal , Anastasiia Mazur , Jiaxu Zhao , Mykola Pechenizkiy

Training large language models (LLMs) requires a substantial investment of time and money. To get a good return on investment, the developers spend considerable effort ensuring that the model never produces harmful and offensive outputs.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Adrians Skapars , Edoardo Manino , Youcheng Sun , Lucas C. Cordeiro

Adversarial attacks for discrete data (such as texts) have been proved significantly more challenging than continuous data (such as images) since it is difficult to generate adversarial samples with gradient-based methods. Current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Linyang Li , Ruotian Ma , Qipeng Guo , Xiangyang Xue , Xipeng Qiu

Natural language processing (NLP) tasks, ranging from text classification to text generation, have been revolutionised by the pre-trained language models, such as BERT. This allows corporations to easily build powerful APIs by encapsulating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Xuanli He , Lingjuan Lyu , Qiongkai Xu , Lichao Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful tools with profound societal impacts, yet their ability to generate responses to diverse and uncontrolled inputs leaves them vulnerable to adversarial attacks. While existing defenses often struggle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Samuel Simko , Mrinmaya Sachan , Bernhard Schölkopf , Zhijing Jin

Large language models (LLMs) are pretrained on corpora containing trillions of tokens and, therefore, inevitably memorize sensitive information. Locate-then-edit methods, as a mainstream paradigm of model editing, offer a promising solution…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zhiyu Sun , Minrui Luo , Yu Wang , Zhili Chen , Tianxing He

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) have consistently demonstrated outstanding performance across a diverse spectrum of natural language processing tasks. Nevertheless, despite their success with unseen data, current PLM-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Javad Rafiei Asl , Prajwal Panzade , Eduardo Blanco , Daniel Takabi , Zhipeng Cai

Revealing the robustness issues of natural language processing models and improving their robustness is important to their performance under difficult situations. In this paper, we study the robustness of paraphrase identification models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Zhouxing Shi , Minlie Huang

The growing interest for adversarial examples, i.e. maliciously modified examples which fool a classifier, has resulted in many defenses intended to detect them, render them inoffensive or make the model more robust against them. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-04 Rémi Bernhard , Pierre-Alain Moellic , Jean-Max Dutertre

Can language models transform inputs to protect text classifiers against adversarial attacks? In this work, we present ATINTER, a model that intercepts and learns to rewrite adversarial inputs to make them non-adversarial for a downstream…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Ashim Gupta , Carter Wood Blum , Temma Choji , Yingjie Fei , Shalin Shah , Alakananda Vempala , Vivek Srikumar

Understanding covert narratives and implicit messaging is essential for analyzing bias and sentiment. Traditional NLP methods struggle with detecting subtle phrasing and hidden agendas. This study tackles two key challenges: (1) multi-label…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Rishit Tyagi , Rahul Bouri , Mohit Gupta

Learning intents and slot labels from user utterances is a fundamental step in all spoken language understanding (SLU) and dialog systems. State-of-the-art neural network based methods, after deployment, often suffer from performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-19 Avik Ray , Yilin Shen , Hongxia Jin

Language models, characterized by their black-box nature, often hallucinate and display sensitivity to input perturbations, causing concerns about trust. To enhance trust, it is imperative to gain a comprehensive understanding of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Vatsal Gupta , Pranshu Pandya , Tushar Kataria , Vivek Gupta , Dan Roth

Neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial attacks -- small visually imperceptible crafted noise which when added to the input drastically changes the output. The most effective method of defending against these adversarial attacks is to…

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