Related papers: Temperatures in Grains and Plasma
A general expression for the temperature of a finite-dimensional quantum system is deduced from thermodynamic arguments. At equilibrium, this magnitude coincides with the standard thermodynamic temperature. Furthermore, it is well-defined…
An isolated mixture of smooth, inelastic hard spheres supports a homogeneous cooling state with different kinetic temperatures for each species. This phenomenon is explored here by molecular dynamics simulation of a two component fluid,…
We review some models of granular materials fluidized by means of external forces such as: random homogeneous forcing with damping, vibrating plates, flow in an inclined channel and flow in a double well potential. All these systems show…
Granular media are examined with the focus on polydisperse mixtures in the presence of two localized heat-baths. If the two driving energies are similar, the large particles prefer to stay in the `cold' regions of the system -- as far away…
DD and DT reaction rates may be compared to determine plasma temperatures in the 10--200 eV range. Distinguishing neutrons from these two reactions is difficult when yields are low or unpredictable. Time of flight methods fail if the source…
In moderately-coupled plasmas, a significant fraction of the internal energy resides in electric fields. As these plasmas are heated or compressed, the shifting partition of energy between particles and fields leads to surprising effects,…
Granular matter is comprised of a large number of particles whose collective behavior determines macroscopic properties such as flow and mechanical strength. A comprehensive theory of the properties of granular matter, therefore, requires a…
The simplest statistical mechanics model of a Coulomb plasma in two spatial dimensions admits an exact analytic solution at some special temperature in several (curved) surfaces. We present in a unifying perspective these solutions for the…
Under many conditions, macroscopic grains flow like a fluid; kinetic theory pred icts continuum equations of motion for this granular fluid. In order to test the theory, we perform event driven molecular simulations of a two-dimensional gas…
We consider a gas of fermions with non-zero spin at temperature $T$ and chemical potential $\mu$. We show that if the range of the interparticle interaction is small compared to the mean particle distance, the thermodynamic pressure differs…
Two sorts of solid organic samples can be produced in laboratory experiments simulating Titan atmospheric reactivity: grains in the volume and thin films on the reactor walls. We expect that grains are more representative of Titan…
In nature, objects which are in thermal contact with each other, usually approach the same temperature, unless a heat source (or sink) cherishes a persistent flow of heat. Accordingly, in a well-isolated apartment flat, most items are at a…
Granular gases as dilute ensembles of particles in random motion are not only at the basis of elementary structure-forming processes in the universe and involved in many industrial and natural phenomena, but also excellent models to study…
We report on the energy transport between two coupled probes in contact with granular thermostats at different temperatures. In our experiment, two identical blades, which are electromechanically coupled, are immersed in two granular gases…
A master equation was formulated to study intrinsic charge fluctuations of a grain in a plasma as ions and primary electrons are attached to the grain through collisional collection, and secondary electrons are emitted from the grain. Two…
Granular matter like sand is composed of a large number of interacting grains, and is thus expected to be amenable to a statistical physics treatment. Yet, the frictional properties of grains make the statistical physics of granular matter…
The friction in plasmas consisting of two species with different temperatures is discussed together with the consequent energy transfer. It is shown that the friction between the two species has no effect on the ion acoustic mode in a…
Grain alignment theory suggests that grains should be aligned in circumstellar regions and the observational data available supports this conclusion. We discuss the alignment of grains via (1) magnetic relaxation, (2) mechanical processes,…
Grains of ice are formed spontaneously when water vapor is injected into a weakly-ionized laboratory plasma in which the background gas has been cooled to cryogenic temperatures comparable to those of deep space. These ice grains are…
The temperature of a mechanical body has a kinetic interpretation: it describes the relative motion of particles within the body. Since the relative velocity of two particles is a Lorentz invariant, so is the temperature. In statistical…