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The recently introduced class of Wheeler graphs, inspired by the Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) of a given string, admits an efficient index data structure for searching for subpaths with a given path label, and lifts the applicability of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Jarno Alanko , Giovanna D'Agostino , Alberto Policriti , Nicola Prezza

Run-length encoding Burrows-Wheeler Transformed strings, resulting in Run-Length BWT (RLBWT), is a powerful tool for processing highly repetitive strings. We propose a new algorithm for online RLBWT working in run-compressed space, which…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-10-17 Tatsuya Ohno , Yoshimasa Takabatake , Tomohiro I , Hiroshi Sakamoto

The field of succinct data structures has flourished over the last 16 years. Starting from the compressed suffix array (CSA) by Grossi and Vitter (STOC 2000) and the FM-index by Ferragina and Manzini (FOCS 2000), a number of generalizations…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-09-22 Djamal Belazzougui , Fabio Cunial , Juha Kärkkäinen , Veli Mäkinen

The Positional Burrows-Wheeler Transform (PBWT) is a fundamental data structure for the efficient representation and analysis of large-scale haplotype panels. For a panel of $h$ sequences $\{S_1, \dots, S_h\}$ over $m$ sites, a key…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Paola Bonizzoni , Travis Gagie , Younan Gao

Indexing highly repetitive strings (i.e., strings with many repetitions) for fast queries has become a central research topic in string processing, because it has a wide variety of applications in bioinformatics and natural language…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Takaaki Nishimoto , Yasuo Tabei

When building Burrows-Wheeler Transforms (BWTs) of truly huge datasets, prefix-free parsing (PFP) can use an unreasonable amount of memory. In this paper we show how if a dataset can be broken down into small datasets that are not very…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Diego Diaz-Dominguez , Travis Gagie , Veronica Guerrini , Ben Langmead , Zsuzsanna Liptak , Giovanni Manzini , Francesco Masillo , Vikram Shivakumar

In 1994, Burrows and Wheeler developed a data compression algorithm which performs significantly better than Lempel-Ziv based algorithms. Since then, a lot of work has been done in order to improve their algorithm, which is based on a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Dragos Trinca

Cartesian tree matching is a form of generalized pattern matching where a substring of the text matches with the pattern if they share the same Cartesian tree. This form of matching finds application for time series of stock prices and can…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Eric M. Osterkamp , Dominik Köppl

Given a string of characters, the Burrows-Wheeler Transform rearranges the characters in it so as to produce another string of the same length which is more amenable to compression techniques such as move to front, run-length encoding, and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-01-17 Joseph Yossi Gil , David Allen Scott

While short read aligners, which predominantly use the FM-index, are able to easily index one or a few human genomes, they do not scale well to indexing databases containing thousands of genomes. To understand why, it helps to examine the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-11-19 Alan Kuhnle , Taher Mun , Christina Boucher , Travis Gagie , Ben Langmead , Giovanni Manzini

We propose algorithms that, given the input string of length $n$ over integer alphabet of size $\sigma$, construct the Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT), the permuted longest-common-prefix (PLCP) array, and the LZ77 parsing in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Dominik Kempa

The FM-index is a well-known compressed full-text index, based on the Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT). During a pattern search, the BWT sequence is accessed at "random" locations, which is cache-unfriendly. In this paper, we are interested…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-12-08 Szymon Grabowski , Aleksander Cisłak

Indexing of very large collections of strings such as those produced by the widespread sequencing technologies, heavily relies on multi-string generalizations of the Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT), and for this problem various in-memory…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-07-29 Paola Bonizzoni , Gianluca Della Vedova , Serena Nicosia , Marco Previtali , Raffaella Rizzi

Indexing very large collections of strings, such as those produced by the widespread next generation sequencing technologies, heavily relies on multistring generalization of the Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT): large requirements of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Paola Bonizzoni , Gianluca Della Vedova , Yuri Pirola , Marco Previtali , Raffaella Rizzi

In this paper we propose a flexible and lightweight technique for merging compressed indices based on variants of Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT), thus addressing the need for algorithms that compute compressed indices over large…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-03-06 Lavinia Egidi , Giovanni Manzini

Mantaci et al. [TCS 2007] defined the eBWT to extend the definition of the BWT to a collection of strings, however, since this introduction, it has been used more generally to describe any BWT of a collection of strings and the fundamental…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Christina Boucher , Davide Cenzato , Zsuzsanna Lipták , Massimiliano Rossi , Marinella Sciortino

Given a string $T$ on an alphabet of size $\sigma$, we describe a bidirectional Burrows-Wheeler index that takes $O(|T|\log{\sigma})$ bits of space, and that supports the addition \emph{and removal} of one character, on the left or right…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Fabio Cunial , Djamal Belazzougui

High-throughput sequencing technologies have led to explosive growth of genomic databases; one of which will soon reach hundreds of terabytes. For many applications we want to build and store indexes of these databases but constructing such…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-11-19 Christina Boucher , Travis Gagie , Alan Kuhnle , Ben Langmead , Giovanni Manzini , Taher Mun

Compressed suffix arrays (CSAs) index large repetitive collections and are key in many text applications. The r-index and its derivatives combine the run-length Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) with suffix array sampling to achieve space…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Diego Díaz-Domínguez , Veli Mäkinen

We survey the different methods used for extending the BWT to collections of strings, following largely [Cenzato and Lipt\'ak, CPM 2022, Bioinformatics 2024]. We analyze the specific aspects and combinatorial properties of the resulting BWT…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Davide Cenzato , Zsuzsanna Lipták , Nadia Pisanti , Giovanna Rosone , Marinella Sciortino