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This paper establishes asymptotic results for the maximum likelihood and restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimators of the parameters in the nested error regression model for clustered data when both of the number of independent…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-01-25 Ziyang Lyu , A. H. Welsh

Clustering has received much attention in Statistics and Machine learning with the aim of developing statistical models and autonomous algorithms which are capable of acquiring information from raw data in order to perform exploratory…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-26 Victor Muthama Musau , Carlo Gaetan , Paolo Girardi

Unsupervised machine learning is the training of an artificial intelligence system using information that is neither classified nor labeled, with a view to modeling the underlying structure or distribution in a dataset. Since unsupervised…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-03-18 Xiaoyuan Xie , Zhiyi Zhang , Tsong Yueh Chen , Yang Liu , Pak-Lok Poon , Baowen Xu

Cluster analysis methods are used to identify homogeneous subgroups in a data set. In biomedical applications, one frequently applies cluster analysis in order to identify biologically interesting subgroups. In particular, one may wish to…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-09-23 Sheila Gaynor , Eric Bair

Cluster analysis is a popular unsupervised learning tool used in many disciplines to identify heterogeneous sub-populations within a sample. However, validating cluster analysis results and determining the number of clusters in a data set…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-26 Ali Turfah , Xiaoquan Wen

The manuscript discusses how to incorporate random effects for quantile regression models for clustered data with focus on settings with many but small clusters. The paper has three contributions: (i) documenting that existing methods may…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-02-24 Maria Laura Battagliola , Helle Sørensen , Anders Tolver , Ana-Maria Staicu

Multiple outcomes, both continuous and discrete, are routinely gathered on subjects in longitudinal studies and during routine clinical follow-up in general. To motivate our work, we consider a longitudinal study on patients with primary…

Applications · Statistics 2013-04-17 Arnošt Komárek , Lenka Komárková

In supervised machine learning, use of correct labels is extremely important to ensure high accuracy. Unfortunately, most datasets contain corrupted labels. Machine learning models trained on such datasets do not generalize well. Thus,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Chang Yue , Niraj K. Jha

In this paper we explore different regression models based on Clusterwise Linear Regression (CLR). CLR aims to find the partition of the data into $k$ clusters, such that linear regressions fitted to each of the clusters minimize overall…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-01 Igor Gitman , Jieshi Chen , Eric Lei , Artur Dubrawski

Trace clustering has increasingly been applied to find homogenous process executions. However, current techniques have difficulties in finding a meaningful and insightful clustering of patients on the basis of healthcare data. The resulting…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-01-13 Xixi Lu , Seyed Amin Tabatabaei , Mark Hoogendoorn , Hajo A. Reijers

We introduce a random recursive tree model with two communities, called balanced community modulated random recursive tree, or BCMRT in short. In this setting, pairs of nodes of different type appear sequentially. Each node of the pair…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-02-12 Anna Ben-Hamou , Vasiliki Velona

The multilevel model (MLM) is the popular approach to describe dependences of hierarchically clustered observations. A main feature is the capability to estimate (cluster-specific) random effect parameters, while their distribution…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-06-21 Jean-Paul Fox , Wouter Smink

This paper proposes to perform online clustering by conducting twin contrastive learning (TCL) at the instance and cluster level. Specifically, we find that when the data is projected into a feature space with a dimensionality of the target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Yunfan Li , Mouxing Yang , Dezhong Peng , Taihao Li , Jiantao Huang , Xi Peng

Hybrid controlled trials (HCTs), which augment randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with external controls (ECs), are increasingly receiving attention as a way to address limited power, slow accrual, and ethical concerns in clinical…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-02 Jiajun Liu , Ke Zhu , Shu Yang , Xiaofei Wang

Clustering arises in a wide range of problem formulations, yet most existing approaches assume that the entities under clustering are passive and strictly conform to their assigned groups. In reality, entities often exhibit local autonomy,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Amber Srivastava , Salar Basiri , Srinivasa Salapaka

Unsupervised clustering aims at discovering the semantic categories of data according to some distance measured in the representation space. However, different categories often overlap with each other in the representation space at the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Dejiao Zhang , Feng Nan , Xiaokai Wei , Shangwen Li , Henghui Zhu , Kathleen McKeown , Ramesh Nallapati , Andrew Arnold , Bing Xiang

Most cluster randomized trials (CRTs) randomize fewer than 30-40 clusters in total. When performing inference for such ``small'' CRTs, it is important to use methods that appropriately account for the small sample size. When the generalized…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-01 Shifeng Sun , Xueqi Wang , Zhuoran Hou , Elizabeth L. Turner

Current Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation (TMLE) methods used to analyze time-to-event data estimate the survival probability for each time point separately, which result in estimates that are not necessarily monotone. In this paper,…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-06-14 Weixin Cai , Mark J. van der Laan

Model-based unsupervised learning, as any learning task, stalls as soon as missing data occurs. This is even more true when the missing data are informative, or said missing not at random (MNAR). In this paper, we propose model-based…

In biomedical science, analyzing treatment effect heterogeneity plays an essential role in assisting personalized medicine. The main goals of analyzing treatment effect heterogeneity include estimating treatment effects in clinically…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-06 Waverly Wei , Maya Petersen , Mark J van der Laan , Zeyu Zheng , Chong Wu , Jingshen Wang