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Subgroup analyses within randomized controlled trials are often underpowered due to limited sample sizes. We address this challenge by leveraging trial participants outside the subgroup of interest to augment estimation within the subgroup.…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-18 Sky Qiu , Nerissa Nance , Rachael Phillips , Jens Tarp , Maya Petersen , Mark van der Laan

The micro-randomized trial (MRT) is a sequential randomized experimental design to empirically evaluate the effectiveness of mobile health (mHealth) intervention components that may be delivered at hundreds or thousands of decision points.…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-14 Jieru Shi , Zhenke Wu , Walter Dempsey

The ability to accurately estimate the sample size required by a stepped-wedge (SW) cluster randomized trial (CRT) routinely depends upon the specification of several nuisance parameters. If these parameters are mis-specified, the trial…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-10-10 Michael Grayling , Adrian Mander , James Wason

Cluster randomized trials (CRTs) are studies where treatment is randomized at the cluster level but outcomes are typically collected at the individual level. When CRTs are employed in pragmatic settings, baseline population characteristics…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-22 Mary M. Ryan , Denise Esserman , Fan Li

Cluster randomized trials (CRTs) offer a practical alternative for addressing logistical challenges and ensuring feasibility in community health, education, and prevention studies, even though randomized controlled trials are considered the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-30 Jooyeon Lee , M. S. , Evan Kwiatkowski , Ph. D

This review provides a systematic overview of methods that combine covariate-based clustering of observational units (patients) with outcome models for clinical studies. We distinguish between informed-cluster models, where the outcome…

Cluster-randomized trials (CRTs) are widely used to evaluate group-level interventions and increasingly collect multiple outcomes capturing complementary dimensions of benefit and risk. Investigators often seek a single global summary of…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-22 Xinyuan Chen , Fan Li

Stepped-wedge cluster randomized trials (SW-CRTs) evaluate interventions rolled out across clusters over time. Standard analyses typically use immediate-treatment (IT) models, which assume effects begin at crossover and remain constant…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-21 Yongdong Ouyang , Monica Taljaard , James P. Hughes , Fan Li

Clustering is an unsupervised machine learning methodology where unlabeled elements/objects are grouped together aiming to the construction of well-established clusters that their elements are classified according to their similarity. The…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-20 Dimitrios Saligkaras , Vasileios E. Papageorgiou

This paper considers inference when there is a single treated cluster and a fixed number of control clusters, a setting that is common in empirical work, especially in difference-in-differences designs. We use the t-statistic and develop…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-11-11 Chun Pong Lau , Xinran Li

The literature on cluster-randomized trials typically allows for interference within but not across clusters. This may be implausible when units are irregularly distributed across space without well-separated communities, as clusters in…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-29 Michael P. Leung

This paper presents a novel clustering concept that is based on jointly learned nonlinear transforms (NTs) with priors on the information loss and the discrimination. We introduce a clustering principle that is based on evaluation of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-31 Dimche Kostadinov , Behrooz Razeghi , Taras Holotyak , Slava Voloshynovskiy

Estimating causal effects under interference is pertinent to many real-world settings. Recent work with low-order potential outcomes models uses a rollout design to obtain unbiased estimators that require no interference network…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-12 Mayleen Cortez-Rodriguez , Matthew Eichhorn , Christina Lee Yu

This paper studies inference in cluster randomized trials where treatment status is determined according to a "matched pairs" design. Here, by a cluster randomized experiment, we mean one in which treatment is assigned at the level of the…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-08-14 Yuehao Bai , Jizhou Liu , Azeem M. Shaikh , Max Tabord-Meehan

Evaluating clustering quality with reliable evaluation metrics like normalized mutual information (NMI) requires labeled data that can be expensive to annotate. We focus on the underexplored problem of estimating clustering quality with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Nihal V. Nayak , Ethan R. Elenberg , Clemens Rosenbaum

We study statistical and computational limits of clustering when the means of the centres are sparse and their dimension is possibly much larger than the sample size. Our theoretical analysis focuses on the model $X_i = z_i \theta +…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-03-23 Matthias Löffler , Alexander S. Wein , Afonso S. Bandeira

In this paper, we propose a general framework for combining evidence of varying quality to estimate underlying binary latent variables in the presence of restrictions imposed to respect the scientific context. The resulting algorithms…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-08-28 Zhenke Wu , Livia Casciola-Rosen , Antony Rosen , Scott L. Zeger

Current approaches to A/B testing in networks focus on limiting interference, the concern that treatment effects can "spill over" from treatment nodes to control nodes and lead to biased causal effect estimation. Prominent methods for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-16 Zahra Fatemi , Elena Zheleva

Target trial emulation (TTE) is a popular framework for observational studies based on electronic health records (EHR). A key component of this framework is determining the patient population eligible for inclusion in both a target trial of…

We are concerned in clustering continuous data sets subject to non-ignorable missingness. We perform clustering with a specific semi-parametric mixture, under the assumption of conditional independence given the component. The mixture model…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-07-20 Marie Du Roy de Chaumaray , Matthieu Marbac