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When a massive quantum body is put into a spatial superposition, it is of interest to consider the quantum aspects of the gravitational field sourced by the body. We argue that in order to understand how the body may become entangled with…

Optomechanical systems open new possibilities in fundamental research at the interface between quantum information and gravity. Recently, an ambitious experimental proposal was suggested by Bose et al. to measure the entanglement between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-03 Thomas Guff , Nicolas Boulle , Igor Pikovski

The aim of this article is to provide an introduction to the use of quantum information methods for investigating the interface between quantum theory and gravity. To this end, we discuss the basic principles of two current research streams…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-24 Bruna Sahdo , Natália Salomé Móller

The role of entanglement in determining the non-classicality of a given interaction has gained significant traction over the last few years. In particular, as the basis for new experimental proposals to test the quantum nature of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-15 A. Douglas K. Plato , Dennis Rätzel , Chuanqi Wan

We describe a complete method for a precise study of gravitational interaction between two nearby quantum masses. Since the displacements of these masses are much smaller than the initial separation between their centers, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-19 Ankit Kumar , Tanjung Krisnanda , P. Arumugam , Tomasz Paterek

Recently there has been a great deal of interest in tabletop experiments intended to exhibit the quantum nature of gravity by demonstrating that it can induce entanglement. We argue that these experiments also provide new information about…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2022-10-26 Emily Adlam

Unifying quantum theory and general relativity is the holy grail of contemporary physics. Nonetheless, the lack of experimental evidence driving this process led to a plethora of mathematical models with a substantial impossibility of…

Recent advances in cooling, control, and measurement of mechanical systems in the quantum regime have opened the possibility of the first direct observation of quantum gravity, at scales achievable in experiments. This paper gives a broad…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-23 Daniel Carney , Philip C. E. Stamp , Jacob M. Taylor

While most fundamental interactions in nature are known to be mediated by quantized fields, the possibility has been raised that gravity may behave differently. Making this concept precise enough to test requires consistent models. Here we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-23 Daniel Carney , Jacob M. Taylor

Quantum-gravity-induced entanglement of massive systems (QGEM) is commonly approximated in the nonrelativistic static limit by a Newtonian interaction between spatially separated masses. In this work, we reformulate the gravitationally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-09 Hollis Williams

We analyze the recent proposal of measuring a quantum gravity phenomenon in the lab by entangling two particles gravitationally. We give a generally covariant description of this phenomenon, where the relevant effect turns out to be a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-10-16 Marios Christodoulou , Carlo Rovelli

No experiment to date has provided evidence for quantum features of the gravitational interaction. Recently proposed tests suggest looking for the generation of quantum entanglement between massive objects as a possible route towards the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-31 Tanjung Krisnanda , Guo Yao Tham , Mauro Paternostro , Tomasz Paterek

Suppose an experimentalist wishes to verify that his apparatus produces entangled quantum states. A finite amount of data cannot conclusively demonstrate entanglement, so drawing conclusions from real-world data requires statistical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-10-22 Robin Blume-Kohout , Jun O. S. Yin , S. J. van Enk

We develop a quantum field-theoretic model of gravitationally induced entanglement (GIE) between two massive objects in spatial superposition. The masses are described as excitations of a scalar field in an external harmonic potential,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-03 Jackson Yant , Miles Blencowe

Establishing quantum gravity theory remains one of the major challenges in modern physics, as the lack of experimental evidence makes it difficult to explore. In response to this challenge, proposals to test quantum entanglement induced by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-13 Yuka Shiomatsu , Youka Kaku , Akira Matsumura , Tomohiro Fujita

The paper presents a scheme to detect entanglement arising from the quantum nature of gravity between a spin qubit and photons, using Stokes parameters. One of the crucial tests of the general theory of relativity is the bending of light…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 Arijit Dutta , Marko Toroš , Sougato Bose , Anupam Mazumdar

The recently introduced quantum gravity-induced entanglement of masses (QGEM) protocol aims to test the quantum nature of gravity by witnessing the entanglement produced by the virtual exchange of a graviton between two spatially superposed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-08 Pablo Guillermo Carmona Rufo , Anupam Mazumdar , Carlos Sabín

Recently, Vedral and one of us proposed an entanglement-based witness of non-classicality in systems that need not obey quantum theory, based on constructor-information-theoretic ideas, which offers a robust foundation for recently proposed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-22 Emanuele Marconato , Chiara Marletto

To test the quantum nature of gravity in a lab requires witnessing the entanglement between the two test masses (nano-crystals) solely due to the gravitational interaction kept at a distance in a spatial superposition. The protocol is known…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-26 Martine Schut , Alexey Grinin , Andrew Dana , Sougato Bose , Andrew Geraci , Anupam Mazumdar

In this note, we attempt to provide some insights into the structure of non-perturbative descriptions of quantum gravity using known examples of gauge-theory / gravity duality. We argue that in familiar examples, a quantum description of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-03-24 Mark Van Raamsdonk