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Accurate automatic medical image segmentation relies on high-quality, dense annotations, which are costly and time-consuming. Weakly supervised learning provides a more efficient alternative by leveraging sparse and coarse annotations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Dongdong Meng , Sheng Li , Hao Wu , Suqing Tian , Wenjun Ma , Guoping Wang , Xueqing Yan

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has become a promising solution to alleviate the annotation burden of deep learning-based medical image segmentation models. While recent advances in foundation model-driven SSL have pushed the boundary to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yichi Zhang , Le Xue , Bichun Xu , Judong Luo , Zhigang Wu , Yu Fu , Zixin Hu , Yuan Cheng , Yuan Qi

Many deep learning based automated medical image segmentation systems, in reality, face difficulties in deployment due to the cost of massive data annotation and high latency in model iteration. We propose a dynamic interactive learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Mu Tian , Xiaohui Chen , Yi Gao

Annotation of medical images has been a major bottleneck for the development of accurate and robust machine learning models. Annotation is costly and time-consuming and typically requires expert knowledge, especially in the medical domain.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-08 Holger Roth , Ling Zhang , Dong Yang , Fausto Milletari , Ziyue Xu , Xiaosong Wang , Daguang Xu

The field of medical image segmentation is hindered by the scarcity of large, publicly available annotated datasets. Not all datasets are made public for privacy reasons, and creating annotations for a large dataset is time-consuming and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Iira Häkkinen , Iaroslav Melekhov , Erik Englesson , Hossein Azizpour , Juho Kannala

Medical image segmentation annotations exhibit variations among experts due to the ambiguous boundaries of segmented objects and backgrounds in medical images. Although using multiple annotations for each image in the fully-supervised has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Shuai Wang , Tengjin Weng , Jingyi Wang , Yang Shen , Zhidong Zhao , Yixiu Liu , Pengfei Jiao , Zhiming Cheng , Yaqi Wang

Segmentation of tumors in brain MRI images is a challenging task, where most recent methods demand large volumes of data with pixel-level annotations, which are generally costly to obtain. In contrast, image-level annotations, where only…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-11-07 Sergey Pavlov , Alexey Artemov , Maksim Sharaev , Alexander Bernstein , Evgeny Burnaev

Medical image segmentation is a key task in the imaging workflow, influencing many image-based decisions. Traditional, fully-supervised segmentation models rely on large amounts of labeled training data, typically obtained through manual…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-04 Tyler Ward , Meredith K. Owen , O'Kira Coleman , Brian Noehren , Abdullah-Al-Zubaer Imran

Segmentation of objects of interest is one of the central tasks in medical image analysis, which is indispensable for quantitative analysis. When developing machine-learning based methods for automated segmentation, manual annotations are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-20 Hang Li , Dong Wei , Shilei Cao , Kai Ma , Liansheng Wang , Yefeng Zheng

Accurate cell segmentation in pathology images typically requires dense pixel-wise annotations, which are costly and time-consuming to obtain. This challenge is especially important for emerging biological imaging modalities and multiplexed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Gunjan Shrivastava , Saad Nadeem

Large annotated datasets are vital for training segmentation models, but pixel-level labeling is time-consuming, error-prone, and often requires scarce expert annotators, especially in medical imaging. In contrast, coarse annotations are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Le Zhang , Fuping Wu , Arun Thirunavukarasu , Kevin Bronik , Thomas Nichols , Bartlomiej W. Papiez

Multi-class cell segmentation in high-resolution Giga-pixel whole slide images (WSI) is critical for various clinical applications. Training such an AI model typically requires labor-intensive pixel-wise manual annotation from experienced…

Segmentation maps of medical images annotated by medical experts contain rich spatial information. In this paper, we propose to decompose annotation maps to learn disentangled and richer feature transforms for segmentation problems in…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-06-10 Yizhe Zhang , Michael T. C. Ying , Danny Z. Chen

In this paper, we propose a novel semi-supervised learning (SSL) framework named BoostMIS that combines adaptive pseudo labeling and informative active annotation to unleash the potential of medical image SSL models: (1) BoostMIS can…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-22 Wenqiao Zhang , Lei Zhu , James Hallinan , Andrew Makmur , Shengyu Zhang , Qingpeng Cai , Beng Chin Ooi

Medical image segmentation is inherently uncertain. For a given image, there may be multiple plausible segmentation hypotheses, and physicians will often disagree on lesion and organ boundaries. To be suited to real-world application,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-28 João Lourenço Silva , Arlindo L. Oliveira

Recently, automated medical image segmentation methods based on deep learning have achieved great success. However, they heavily rely on large annotated datasets, which are costly and time-consuming to acquire. Few-shot learning aims to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Jiayu Huo , Ruiqiang Xiao , Haotian Zheng , Yang Liu , Sebastien Ourselin , Rachel Sparks

Obtaining pixel-level annotations in the medical domain is both expensive and time-consuming, often requiring close collaboration between clinical experts and developers. Semi-supervised medical image segmentation aims to leverage limited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Lin Xi , Yingliang Ma , Cheng Wang , Sandra Howell , Aldo Rinaldi , Kawal S. Rhode

Segmentation of anatomical structures and pathological regions in medical images is essential for modern clinical diagnosis, disease research, and treatment planning. While significant advancements have been made in deep learning-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Taha Koleilat , Hojat Asgariandehkordi , Hassan Rivaz , Yiming Xiao

Deep learning in the presence of noisy annotations has been studied extensively in classification, but much less in segmentation tasks. In this work, we study the learning dynamics of deep segmentation networks trained on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Sheng Liu , Kangning Liu , Weicheng Zhu , Yiqiu Shen , Carlos Fernandez-Granda

Medical imaging segmentation is a highly active area of research, with deep learning-based methods achieving state-of-the-art results in several benchmarks. However, the lack of standardized tools for training, testing, and evaluating new…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-19 Adrian Celaya , Evan Lim , Rachel Glenn , Brayden Mi , Alex Balsells , Dawid Schellingerhout , Tucker Netherton , Caroline Chung , Beatrice Riviere , David Fuentes