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Related papers: FP8 Quantization: The Power of the Exponent

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Quantization neural networks (QNNs) are very attractive to the industry because their extremely cheap calculation and storage overhead, but their performance is still worse than that of networks with full-precision parameters. Most of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-13 Chuanjian Liu , Kai Han , Yunhe Wang , Hanting Chen , Qi Tian , Chunjing Xu

Reduced precision computation for deep neural networks is one of the key areas addressing the widening compute gap driven by an exponential growth in model size. In recent years, deep learning training has largely migrated to 16-bit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Naveen Mellempudi , Sudarshan Srinivasan , Dipankar Das , Bharat Kaul

Many modern search domains comprise high-dimensional vectors of floating point numbers derived from neural networks, in the form of embeddings. Typical embeddings range in size from hundreds to thousands of dimensions, making the size of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Richard Connor , Alan Dearle , Ben Claydon

Large language models have been widely adopted but require significant GPU memory for inference. We develop a procedure for Int8 matrix multiplication for feed-forward and attention projection layers in transformers, which cut the memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Tim Dettmers , Mike Lewis , Younes Belkada , Luke Zettlemoyer

In this work, we propose a low-bit training framework for convolutional neural networks, which is built around a novel multi-level scaling (MLS) tensor format. Our framework focuses on reducing the energy consumption of convolution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Kai Zhong , Xuefei Ning , Guohao Dai , Zhenhua Zhu , Tianchen Zhao , Shulin Zeng , Yu Wang , Huazhong Yang

Although deep neural networks are highly effective, their high computational and memory costs severely challenge their applications on portable devices. As a consequence, low-bit quantization, which converts a full-precision neural network…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Jiwei Yang , Xu Shen , Jun Xing , Xinmei Tian , Houqiang Li , Bing Deng , Jianqiang Huang , Xiansheng Hua

Reasoning models excel at complex tasks such as coding and mathematics, yet their inference is often slow and token-inefficient. To improve the inference efficiency, post-training quantization (PTQ) usually comes with the cost of large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Keyu Lv , Manyi Zhang , Xiaobo Xia , Jingchen Ni , Shannan Yan , Xianzhi Yu , Lu Hou , Chun Yuan , Haoli Bai

Optimizer states are a major source of memory consumption for training neural networks, limiting the maximum trainable model within given memory budget. Compressing the optimizer states from 32-bit floating points to lower bitwidth is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Bingrui Li , Jianfei Chen , Jun Zhu

We present PrecisionBatching, a quantized inference algorithm for speeding up neural network execution on traditional hardware platforms at low bitwidths without the need for retraining or recalibration. PrecisionBatching decomposes a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Maximilian Lam , Zachary Yedidia , Colby Banbury , Vijay Janapa Reddi

Multiplication is a core operation in modern neural network (NN) computations, contributing significantly to energy consumption. The linear-complexity multiplication (L-Mul) algorithm is specifically proposed as an approximate…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Ruiqi Chen , Yangxintong Lyu , Han Bao , Bruno da Silva

In this paper, we explore FP8 low-bit data formats for efficient training of large language models (LLMs). Our key insight is that most variables, such as gradients and optimizer states, in LLM training can employ low-precision data formats…

We propose a new complex block floating-point format to reduce implementation complexity. The new format achieves wordlength reduction by sharing an exponent across the block of samples, and uses box encoding for the shared exponent to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-10-26 Yeong Foong Choo , Brian L. Evans , Alan Gatherer

Deep convolutional neural network (CNN) inference requires significant amount of memory and computation, which limits its deployment on embedded devices. To alleviate these problems to some extent, prior research utilize low precision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-10 Liangzhen Lai , Naveen Suda , Vikas Chandra

Reduced-precision data formats are crucial for cost-effective serving of large language models (LLMs). While numerous reduced-precision formats have been introduced thus far, they often require intrusive modifications to the software…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Jungi Lee , Junyong Park , Soohyun Cha , Jaehoon Cho , Jaewoong Sim

Network quantization significantly reduces model inference complexity and has been widely used in real-world deployments. However, most existing quantization methods have been developed mainly on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Yang Lin , Tianyu Zhang , Peiqin Sun , Zheng Li , Shuchang Zhou

The increasing computational demands of foundation models have spurred research into low-precision training, with 4-bit floating-point (\texttt{FP4}) formats emerging as a frontier for maximizing hardware throughput. While numerous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Robert Hu , Carlo Luschi , Paul Balanca

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are powerful for cognitive tasks such as image classification, object detection, and scene segmentation. One drawback however is the significant high computational complexity and memory consumption, which makes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Yongqi Xu , Yujian Lee , Gao Yi , Bosheng Liu , Yucong Chen , Peng Liu , Jigang Wu , Xiaoming Chen , Yinhe Han

At the core of any inference procedure in deep neural networks are dot product operations, which are the component that require the highest computational resources. A common approach to reduce the cost of inference is to reduce its memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-19 Simon Wiedemann , Klaus-Robert Müller , Wojciech Samek

The role of quantization within implicit/coordinate neural networks is still not fully understood. We note that using a canonical fixed quantization scheme during training produces poor performance at low-rates due to the network weight…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Cameron Gordon , Shin-Fang Chng , Lachlan MacDonald , Simon Lucey

Reducing hardware overhead of neural networks for faster or lower power inference and training is an active area of research. Uniform quantization using integer multiply-add has been thoroughly investigated, which requires learning many…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Jeff Johnson