Related papers: Shadows of 2-knots and complexity
Two new invariants that are closely related to Milnor's curvature-torsion invariant are introduced. The first, the spiral index of a knot, captures the minimum number of maxima among all knot projections that are free of inflection points.…
We introduce an algebra Z[X,S] associated to a pair (X,S) of a virtual birack X and X-shadow S. We use modules over Z[X,S] to define enhancements of the virtual birack shadow counting invariant, extending the birack shadow module invariants…
An $n$-plat 1-knot is one isotopic to the plat closure of some $2n$-braid, which is also called an $n$-bridge 1-knot. Schubert classified 2-bridge 1-knots by considering their double branched covers which are homeomorphic to lens spaces. A…
We study the equivariant concordance classes of two-bridge knots, providing an easy formula to compute their butterfly polynomial, and we give two different proofs that no two-bridge knot is equivariantly slice. Finally, we introduce a new…
For every rational homology 3-sphere with 2-torsion only we construct a unified invariant (which takes values in a certain cyclotomic completion of a polynomial ring), such that the evaluation of this invariant at any odd root of unity…
For ordinary knots in R3, there are no degree one Vassiliev invariants. For virtual knots, however, the space of degree one Vassiliev invariants is infinite dimensional. We introduce a sequence of three degree one Vassiliev invariants of…
Turaev's shadow can be seen locally as the Stein factorization of a stable map. In this paper, we define the notion of stable map complexity for a compact orientable 3-manifold bounded by (possibly empty) tori counting, with some weights,…
Kashaev's invariants for a knot in a three sphere are generalized to invariants of a knot in a three manifold. A relation between the newly constructed invariants and the hyperbolic volume of the knot complement is observed for some knots…
We present an explicit expression for the topological invariants associated to $SU(2)$ monopoles in the fundamental representation on spin four-manifolds. The computation of these invariants is based on the analysis of their corresponding…
We calculate the asymptotic behavior of the Kashaev invariant of a twice-itarated torus knot and obtain topological interpretation of the formula in terms of the Chern--Simons invariant and the twisted Reidemeister torsion.
We construct an algebra of non-trivial homological operations on Khovanov homology with coefficients in $\mathbb Z_2$ generated by two Bockstein operations. We use the unified Khovanov homology theory developed by the first author to lift…
A theorem of Kronheimer and Mrowka states that Khovanov homology is able to detect the unknot. That is, if a knot has the Khovanov homology of the unknot, then it is equivalent to it. Similar results hold for the trefoils and the…
We introduce a notion of intrinsic linking and knotting for virtual spatial graphs. Our theory gives two filtrations of the set of all graphs, allowing us to measure, in a sense, how intrinsically linked or knotted a graph is; we show that…
Knotoids were introduced by V. Turaev as open-ended knot-type diagrams that generalize knots. Turaev defined a two-variable polynomial invariant of knotoids which encompasses a generalization of the Jones knot polynomial to knotoids. We…
Symmetry of geometrical figures is reflected in regularities of their algebraic invariants. Algebraic regularities are often preserved when the geometrical figure is topologically deformed. The most natural, intuitively simple but…
The Links-Gould invariant of links $LG^{2,1}$ is a two-variable generalization of the Alexander-Conway polynomial. Using representation theory of $U_{q}\mathfrak{gl}(2 \vert 1)$, we prove that the degree of the Links-Gould polynomial…
C. Giller proposed an invariant of ribbon 2-knots in S^4 based on a type of skein relation for a projection to R^3. In certain cases, this invariant is equal to the Alexander polynomial for the 2-knot. Giller's invariant is, however, a…
The isomorphism type of the knot quandle introduced by Joyce is a complete invariant of tame knots. Whether two quandles are isomorphic is in practice difficult to determine; we show that this question is provably hard: isomorphism of…
The 2-loop polynomial is a polynomial presenting the 2-loop part of the Kontsevich invariant of knots. We show a cabling formula for the 2-loop polynomial of knots. In particular, we calculate the 2-loop polynomial for torus knots.
In this paper, we show that the Gluck twist of certain satellite $2$-knots in a $4$-manifold do not change the diffeomorphism type in three different ways: one is directly from the definition of the satellite $2$-knot, and the other two are…