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UI design is an integral part of software development. For many developers who do not have much UI design experience, exposing them to a large database of real-application UI designs can help them quickly build up a realistic understanding…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Jieshan Chen , Chunyang Chen , Zhenchang Xing , Xin Xia , Liming Zhu , John Grundy , Jinshui Wang

Graphical User Interface (GUI) Agents, benefiting from recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLM), have achieved significant development. However, due to the frequent updates of GUI applications, adapting to new tasks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Zhenquan Yao , Zitong Huang , Yihan Zeng , Jianhua Han , Hang Xu , Chun-Mei Feng , Jianwei Ma , Wangmeng Zuo

Mobile app development involves a unique set of challenges including device fragmentation and rapidly evolving platforms, making testing a difficult task. The design space for a comprehensive mobile testing strategy includes features,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-01-22 Mario Linares Vasquez , Kevin Moran , Denys Poshyvanyk

Ensuring the correct visual appearance of graphical user interfaces (GUIs) is important because visual bugs can cause substantial losses for businesses. An application might behave functionally correct in an automated test, but visual bugs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-07-22 Daniel Kraus , Jeremias Rößler , Martin Sulzmann

Android Apps are frequently updated to keep up with changing user, hardware, and business demands. Ensuring the correctness of App updates through extensive testing is crucial to avoid potential bugs reaching the end user. Existing Android…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Chao Peng , Zhengwei Lv , Jiarong Fu , Jiayuan Liang , Zhao Zhang , Ajitha Rajan , Ping Yang

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a rapidly growing area of machine learning that finds its application in a broad range of domains, from finance and healthcare to robotics and gaming. Compared to other machine learning techniques, RL agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Geetansh Kalra , Divye Singh , Justin Jose

In games, as in and many other domains, design validation and testing is a huge challenge as systems are growing in size and manual testing is becoming infeasible. This paper proposes a new approach to automated game validation and testing.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-22 Alessandro Sestini , Joakim Bergdahl , Konrad Tollmar , Andrew D. Bagdanov , Linus Gisslén

The Graphical User Interface (GUI) is pivotal for human interaction with the digital world, enabling efficient device control and the completion of complex tasks. Recent progress in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision Language Models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Danyang Zhang , Zhennan Shen , Rui Xie , Situo Zhang , Tianbao Xie , Zihan Zhao , Siyuan Chen , Lu Chen , Hongshen Xu , Ruisheng Cao , Kai Yu

GUI prototyping is a fundamental component in the development of modern interactive systems, which are now ubiquitous across diverse application domains. GUI prototypes play a critical role in requirements elicitation by enabling…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Kristian Kolthoff , Felix Kretzer , Christian Bartelt , Alexander Maedche , Simone Paolo Ponzetto

Mobile user profiling refers to the efforts of extracting users' characteristics from mobile activities. In order to capture the dynamic varying of user characteristics for generating effective user profiling, we propose an imitation-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Dongjie Wang , Pengyang Wang , Yanjie Fu , Kunpeng Liu , Hui Xiong , Charles E. Hughes

Mobile applications are being used every day by more than half of the world's population to perform a great variety of tasks. With the increasingly widespread usage of these applications, the need arises for efficient techniques to test…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-09-05 Ariel Rosenfeld , Odaya Kardashov , Orel Zang

The rapid development of GUI foundation models and mobile GUI agents has spurred numerous evaluation benchmarks, yet most rely on simulated environments or open-source applications, leaving real-world closed-source applications largely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yifan Sui , Xin Huang , Hongbing Li , Fang Xu , Jiahe Lv , Haolong Yan , Yeqing Shen , Litao Liu , Zhimin Fan , Ziyang Meng , Jia Wang , Junbo Qi , Kaijun Tan , Zheng Ge , Xiangyu Zhang , Daxin Jiang , Osamu Yoshie

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for enhancing image editing and text-to-image (T2I) generation. However, current reward models, which act as critics during RL, often suffer from hallucinations and assign…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Xiangyu Zhao , Peiyuan Zhang , Junming Lin , Tianhao Liang , Yuchen Duan , Shengyuan Ding , Changyao Tian , Yuhang Zang , Junchi Yan , Xue Yang

Active perception is a fundamental skill that enables us humans to deal with uncertainty in our inherently partially observable environment. For senses such as touch, where the information is sparse and local, active perception becomes…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Tim Schneider , Cristiana de Farias , Roberto Calandra , Liming Chen , Jan Peters

Mobile applications, often simply called "apps", are increasingly widespread, and we use them daily to perform a number of activities. Like all software, apps must be adequately tested to gain confidence that they behave correctly.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-04-01 Shauvik Roy Choudhary , Alessandra Gorla , Alessandro Orso

Exploratory GUI testing is essential for software quality but suffers from high manual costs. While Multi-modal Large Language Model (MLLM) agents excel in navigation, they fail to autonomously discover defects due to two core challenges:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Yifei Gao , Jiang Wu , Xiaoyi Chen , Yifan Yang , Zhe Cui , Tianyi Ma , Jiaming Zhang , Jitao Sang

GUI agents hold significant potential to enhance the experience and efficiency of human-device interaction. However, current methods face challenges in generalizing across applications (apps) and tasks, primarily due to two fundamental…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Yuchen Sun , Shanhui Zhao , Tao Yu , Hao Wen , Samith Va , Mengwei Xu , Yuanchun Li , Chongyang Zhang

Efficient software testing is essential for productive software development and reliable user experiences. As human testing is inefficient and expensive, automated software testing is needed. In this work, we propose a Reinforcement…

Graphical User Interface (GUI) action grounding is a critical step in GUI automation that maps language instructions to actionable elements on GUI screens. Most recent works of GUI action grounding leverage large GUI datasets to fine-tune…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Yue Fan , Handong Zhao , Ruiyi Zhang , Yu Shen , Xin Eric Wang , Gang Wu

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents have emerged as a promising paradigm for intelligent systems that perceive and interact with graphical interfaces visually. Yet supervised fine-tuning alone cannot handle long-horizon credit assignment,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Junan Hu , Jian Liu , Jingxiang Lai , Jiarui Hu , Yiwei Sheng , Shuang Chen , Jian Li , Dazhao Du , Song Guo