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Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) recast PDE solving as an optimisation problem in function space by minimising a residual-based objective, yet many applications require additional derivative-based relations that are just as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Kentaro Hoshisashi , Carolyn E Phelan , Paolo Barucca

In this paper, we compute numerical approximations of the minimal surfaces, an essential type of Partial Differential Equation (PDE), in higher dimensions. Classical methods cannot handle it in this case because of the Curse of…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-09-08 Steven Zhou , Xiaojing Ye

Physics informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently been very successfully applied for efficiently approximating inverse problems for PDEs. We focus on a particular class of inverse problems, the so-called data assimilation or unique…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-12-07 Siddhartha Mishra , Roberto Molinaro

In this study, the capabilities of the Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) method are investigated for three major tasks: modeling, simulation, and optimization in the context of the heat conduction problem. In the modeling phase, the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-10-31 Ehsan Ghaderi , Mohamad Ali Bijarchi , Siamak Kazemzadeh Hannani , Ali Nouri Boroujerdi

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are effective methods for solving inverse problems and discovering governing equations from observational data. However, their performance degrades significantly under complex measurement noise and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Hankyeol Kim , Pilsung Kang

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have emerged as a powerful tool for integrating physics-based constraints and data to address forward and inverse problems in machine learning. Despite their potential, the implementation of PINNs…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-19 Alan Williams , Christopher Leon , Alexander Scheinker

In a more connected world, modeling multi-agent systems with hyperbolic partial differential equations (PDEs) offers a compact, physics-consistent description of collective dynamics. However, classical control tools need adaptation for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-09 Katayoun Eshkofti , Matthieu Barreau

Complex physical systems are often described by partial differential equations (PDEs) that depend on parameters such as the Reynolds number in fluid mechanics. In applications such as design optimization or uncertainty quantification,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Woojin Cho , Minju Jo , Haksoo Lim , Kookjin Lee , Dongeun Lee , Sanghyun Hong , Noseong Park

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINN) are neural networks (NNs) that encode model equations, like Partial Differential Equations (PDE), as a component of the neural network itself. PINNs are nowadays used to solve PDEs, fractional…

Many physical and engineering systems require solving direct problems to predict behavior and inverse problems to determine unknown parameters from measurement. In this work, we study both aspects for systems governed by differential…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-04 Noura Al Helwani , Sophie Moufawad , Georges Sakr

Deep learning has achieved remarkable success in diverse applications; however, its use in solving partial differential equations (PDEs) has emerged only recently. Here, we present an overview of physics-informed neural networks (PINNs),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Lu Lu , Xuhui Meng , Zhiping Mao , George E. Karniadakis

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) leverage neural-networks to find the solutions of partial differential equation (PDE)-constrained optimization problems with initial conditions and boundary conditions as soft constraints. These soft…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Rambod Mojgani , Maciej Balajewicz , Pedram Hassanzadeh

Deep learning has been highly successful in some applications. Nevertheless, its use for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) has only been of recent interest with current state-of-the-art machine learning libraries, e.g.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Hamid El Bahja , Jan Christian Hauffen , Peter Jung , Bubacarr Bah , Issa Karambal

This paper investigates a numerical solution of Allen-Cahn equation with constant and degenerate mobility, with polynomial and logarithmic energy functionals, with deterministic and random initial functions, and with advective term in one,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-03-13 Mustafa Kütük , Hamdullah Yücel

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently emerged as a promising way to compute the solutions of partial differential equations (PDEs) using deep neural networks. However, despite their significant success in various fields, it…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-07-15 Seungchan Ko , Sang Hyeon Park

Soft- and hard-constrained Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have achieved great success in solving partial differential equations (PDEs). However, these methods still face great challenges when solving the Navier-Stokes equations…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-11-14 Chuyu Zhou , Tianyu Li , Chenxi Lan , Rongyu Du , Guoguo Xin , Pengyu Nan , Hangzhou Yang , Guoqing Wang , Xun Liu , Wei Li

Many types of physics-informed neural network models have been proposed in recent years as approaches for learning solutions to differential equations. When a particular task requires solving a differential equation at multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Filipe de Avila Belbute-Peres , Yi-fan Chen , Fei Sha

The physics-informed neural network (PINN) is effective in solving the partial differential equation (PDE) by capturing the physics constraints as a part of the training loss function through the Automatic Differentiation (AD). This study…

Computational Physics · Physics 2022-02-17 Zixue Xiang , Wei Peng , Weien Zhou , Wen Yao

Given the facts of the extensiveness of multi-material diffusion problems and the inability of the standard PINN(Physics-Informed Neural Networks) method for such problems, in this paper we present a novel PINN method that can accurately…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-09-28 Yanzhong Yao , Jiawei Guo , Tongxiang Gu

In recent years, physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have gained significant attention for solving differential equations, although they suffer from two fundamental limitations, namely, spectral bias inherent in neural networks and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Himanshu Pandey , Ratikanta Behera