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This paper investigates the continuous-time counterpart of the Q-function for entropy-regularized mean-field control (MFC) with controlled common noise, coined as q-function by Jia and Zhou (2023) in the single agent's model. We first show…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-01 Zhenjie Ren , Xiaoli Wei , Xiang Yu , Xun Yu Zhou

Regularized reinforcement learning (RL), particularly the entropy-regularized kind, has gained traction in optimal control and inverse RL. While standard unregularized RL methods remain unaffected by changes in the number of actions, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Sobhan Mohammadpour , Emma Frejinger , Pierre-Luc Bacon

We study reinforcement learning in infinite-horizon discounted Markov decision processes with continuous state spaces, where data are generated online from a single trajectory under a Markovian behavior policy. To avoid maintaining an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Shengbo Wang

We provide a statistical analysis of regularization-based continual learning on a sequence of linear regression tasks, with emphasis on how different regularization terms affect the model performance. We first derive the convergence rate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Xuyang Zhao , Huiyuan Wang , Weiran Huang , Wei Lin

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has demonstrated superior performance in enhancing the reasoning capability of large language models (LLMs). However, this accuracy-oriented learning paradigm often suffers from entropy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Hongye Cao , Zhixin Bai , Ziyue Peng , Boyan Wang , Tianpei Yang , Jing Huo , Yuyao Zhang , Yang Gao

Incorporating high-level knowledge is an effective way to expedite reinforcement learning (RL), especially for complex tasks with sparse rewards. We investigate an RL problem where the high-level knowledge is in the form of reward machines,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-10 Zhe Xu , Ivan Gavran , Yousef Ahmad , Rupak Majumdar , Daniel Neider , Ufuk Topcu , Bo Wu

Reinforcement learning (RL) post-training is crucial for LLM alignment and reasoning, but existing policy-based methods, such as PPO and DPO, can fall short of fixing shortcuts inherited from pre-training. In this work, we introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jin Peng Zhou , Kaiwen Wang , Jonathan Chang , Zhaolin Gao , Nathan Kallus , Kilian Q. Weinberger , Kianté Brantley , Wen Sun

I demonstrate the potential of reinforcement learning (RL) to prepare quantum states of strongly periodically driven non-linear single-particle models. The ability of Q-Learning to control systems far away from equilibrium is exhibited by…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2018-12-18 Marin Bukov

We present a framework to \emph{certify} Hamilton--Jacobi (HJ) reachability learned by reinforcement learning (RL). Building on a discounted initial time \emph{travel-cost} formulation that makes small-step RL value iteration provably…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-19 Prashant Solanki , Isabelle El-Hajj , Jasper J. van Beers , Erik-Jan van Kampen , Coen C. de Visser

The optimal execution problem has always been a continuously focused research issue, and many reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have been studied. In this article, we consider the execution problem of targeting the volume weighted…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-12 Xingyu Zhou , Wenbin Chen , Mingyu Xu

This paper proposes a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm for infinite horizon $\rm {H_{2}/H_{\infty}}$ problem in a class of stochastic discrete-time systems, rather than using a set of coupled generalized algebraic Riccati equations…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-28 Xiushan Jiang , Li Wang , Dongya Zhao , Ling Shi

We introduce Random Reward Perturbation (RRP), a novel exploration strategy for reinforcement learning (RL). Our theoretical analyses demonstrate that adding zero-mean noise to environmental rewards effectively enhances policy diversity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Haozhe Ma , Guoji Fu , Zhengding Luo , Jiele Wu , Tze-Yun Leong

Chaotic dynamical systems pose a fundamental challenge for Reinforcement Learning (RL): exponential sensitivity to initial conditions induces high-variance bootstrap targets and poorly conditioned gradient updates. Chaotic dynamics arise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 James Rudd-Jones , Mirco Musolesi , María Pérez-Ortiz

Reinforcement learning (RL) is an effective approach for solving optimal control problems without knowing the exact information of the system model. However, the classical Q-learning method, a model-free RL algorithm, has its limitations,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-06-04 Xiushan Jiang , Weihai Zhang

The recently successful Munchausen Reinforcement Learning (M-RL) features implicit Kullback-Leibler (KL) regularization by augmenting the reward function with logarithm of the current stochastic policy. Though significant improvement has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Lingwei Zhu , Zheng Chen , Eiji Uchibe , Takamitsu Matsubara

Exploration in environments with sparse rewards has been a persistent problem in reinforcement learning (RL). Many tasks are natural to specify with a sparse reward, and manually shaping a reward function can result in suboptimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-27 Ashvin Nair , Bob McGrew , Marcin Andrychowicz , Wojciech Zaremba , Pieter Abbeel

This paper aims to overcome a major obstacle in scaling RL for reasoning with LLMs, namely the collapse of policy entropy. Such phenomenon is consistently observed across vast RL runs without entropy intervention, where the policy entropy…

In reinforcement learning, two objective functions have been developed extensively in the literature: discounted and averaged rewards. The generalization to an entropy-regularized setting has led to improved robustness and exploration for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Jacob Adamczyk , Volodymyr Makarenko , Stas Tiomkin , Rahul V. Kulkarni

In reinforcement learning (RL), the ability to utilize prior knowledge from previously solved tasks can allow agents to quickly solve new problems. In some cases, these new problems may be approximately solved by composing the solutions of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Jacob Adamczyk , Argenis Arriojas , Stas Tiomkin , Rahul V. Kulkarni

For continuous systems modeled by dynamical equations such as ODEs and SDEs, Bellman's Principle of Optimality takes the form of the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation, which provides the theoretical target of reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Haruki Settai , Naoya Takeishi , Takehisa Yairi
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