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Let G be a combinatorial graph with vertices V and edges E. A proper coloring of G is an assignment of colors to the vertices such that no edge connects two vertices of the same color. These are the colorings considered in the famous Four…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-08 Bruce E Sagan

A graph $H$ is said to be common if the number of monochromatic labelled copies of $H$ in a red/blue edge colouring of a large complete graph is asymptotically minimized by a random colouring with an equal proportion of each colour. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-16 Natalie Behague , Natasha Morrison , Jonathan A. Noel

Cho and van Willigenburg (arXiv:1508.07670) and Alinaeifard, Wang, and van Willgenburg (arXiv:2010.00147) introduce multiplicative chromatic bases for the ring $\Lambda$ of symmetric functions, consisting of the chromatic symmetric…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-23 Shao Yuan Lin , Laura Pierson

We introduce a generalization of the well known graph (vertex) coloring problem, which we call the problem of \emph{component coloring of graphs}. Given a graph, the problem is to color the vertices using minimum number of colors so that…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2012-11-06 Ajit Diwan , Soumitra Pal , Abhiram Ranade

There is a natural way to assign both graph and digraph to every poset. Furthermore, any graph has its chromatic function, while any digraph has its Redei-Berge function. On the level of posets, these two functions are almost identical.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-11 Stefan Mitrović , Tanja Stojadinović

An edge colouring of a graph is said to be an $r$-local colouring if the edges incident to any vertex are coloured with at most $r$ colours. Generalising a result of Bessy and Thomass\'e, we prove that the vertex set of any $2$-locally…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-05-12 David Conlon , Maya Stein

Two celebrated conjectures in chromatic symmetric function theory concern the positivity chromatics symmetric functions of claw-free graphs. Here we extend the claw-free idea to general graphs and consider the e-positivity question for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-09-12 Angèle M. Hamel , Chính T. Hoàng , Jake E. Tuero

The chromatic symmetric $X_G$ function is a symmetric function generalization of the chromatic polynomial of a graph, introduced by Stanley (1995). Stanley gave an expansion formula for $X_G$ in terms of the power sum symmetric functions…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-19 Laura Pierson

Crew and Spirklt generalize Stanley's chromatic symmetric function to vertex-weighted graphs. One of the primary motivations for extending the chromatic symmetric function to vertex-weighted graphs is the existence of a deletion-contraction…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-08 Azzurra Ciliberti

We prove some Schur positivity results for the chromatic symmetric function $X_G$ of a (hyper)graph $G$, using connections to the group algebra of the symmetric group. The first such connection works for (hyper)forests $F$: we describe the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-29 Brendan Pawlowski

This paper realizes of two families of combinatorial symmetric functions via the complex character theory of the finite general linear group $\mathrm{GL}_{n}(\mathbb{F}_{q})$: chromatic quasisymmetric functions and vertical strip LLT…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-25 Lucas Gagnon

This paper is an in-depth analysis of the generalized $\vartheta$-number of a graph. The generalized $\vartheta$-number, $\vartheta_k(G)$, serves as a bound for both the $k$-multichromatic number of a graph and the maximum $k$-colorable…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-11-30 Lennart Sinjorgo , Renata Sotirov

We generalize overpartitions to (k,j)-colored partitions: k-colored partitions in which each part size may have at most j colors. We find numerous congruences and other symmetries. We use a wide array of tools to prove our theorems:…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-08-19 William J. Keith

DP-coloring (also called correspondence coloring) is a generalization of list coloring that has been widely studied in recent years after its introduction by Dvo\v{r}\'{a}k and Postle in 2015. As the analogue of the chromatic polynomial of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-15 Hemanshu Kaul , Michael Maxfield , Jeffrey A. Mudrock , Seth Thomason

DP-coloring is a generalization of list coloring that was introduced in 2015 by Dvo\v{r}\'{a}k and Postle. The chromatic polynomial of a graph is a notion that has been extensively studied since the early 20th century. The chromatic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-18 Jeffrey A. Mudrock , Seth Thomason

We establish a set of recursion relations for the coefficients in the chromatic polynomial of a graph or a hypergraph. As an application we provide a generalization of Whitney's broken cycle theorem for hypergraphs, as well as deriving an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-01-04 Bergfinnur Durhuus , Angelo Lucia

Graph coloring problems are a central topic of study in the theory of algorithms. We study the problem of partially coloring partially colorable graphs. For $\alpha \leq 1$ and $k \in \mathbb{Z}^+$, we say that a graph $G=(V,E)$ is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-09-02 Suprovat Ghoshal , Anand Louis , Rahul Raychaudhury

Cographs--defined most simply as complete graphs with colored lines--both dualize and generalize ordinary graphs, and promise a comparably wide range of applications. This article introduces them by examples, catalogues, and elementary…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2019-05-31 Robert Haas

The main result of this paper is the introduction of marked graphs and the marked graph polynomials ($M$-polynomial) associated with them. These polynomials can be defined via a deletion-contraction operation. These polynomials are a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-02-25 José Aliste-Prieto , Anna de Mier , Rosa Orellana , José Zamora

In order to make more complex number-based strings from topological coding for defending against the intelligent attacks equipped with quantum computing and providing effective protection technology for the age of quantum computing, we will…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Bing Yao , Fei Ma