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The Transformer is an extremely powerful and prominent deep learning architecture. In this work, we challenge the commonly held belief in deep learning that going deeper is better, and show an alternative design approach that is building…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Jason Ross Brown , Yiren Zhao , Ilia Shumailov , Robert D Mullins

Transformer-based architectures are the model of choice for natural language understanding, but they come at a significant cost, as they have quadratic complexity in the input length, require a lot of training data, and can be difficult to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Florian Mai , Arnaud Pannatier , Fabio Fehr , Haolin Chen , Francois Marelli , Francois Fleuret , James Henderson

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and vision transformers (ViT) have obtained great achievements in computer vision. Recently, the research of multi-layer perceptron (MLP) architectures for vision have been popular again. Vision MLPs are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Xinyue Wang , Zhicheng Cai , Chenglei Peng

Transformer models typically calculate attention matrices using dot products, which have limitations when capturing nonlinear relationships between embedding vectors. We propose Neural Attention, a technique that replaces dot products with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Andrew DiGiugno , Ausif Mahmood

Recently computer vision has seen advancements mainly thanks to Transformer-based models. However many non-Transformer methods are still doing well being a direct competition of Transformer-based models. This review tries to present a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Nur Mohammad Kazi , Ibteshum Khaled , Md. Luthful Hasan Galib , Ali Faruk Shihab , Md. Rakibul Islam

Recently, the proposed deep MLP models have stirred up a lot of interest in the vision community. Historically, the availability of larger datasets combined with increased computing capacity leads to paradigm shifts. This review paper…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Ruiyang Liu , Yinghui Li , Linmi Tao , Dun Liang , Hai-Tao Zheng

Current keyword spotting systems are typically trained with a large amount of pre-defined keywords. Recognizing keywords in an open-vocabulary setting is essential for personalizing smart device interaction. Towards this goal, we propose a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-28 Jinmiao Huang , Waseem Gharbieh , Qianhui Wan , Han Suk Shim , Chul Lee

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have become the de facto gold standard in computer vision applications in the past years. Recently, however, new model architectures have been proposed challenging the status quo. The Vision Transformer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Philipp Benz , Soomin Ham , Chaoning Zhang , Adil Karjauv , In So Kweon

Recent work on Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) has revealed striking limits in their working memory capacity, similar to what has been found in human behavioral studies. Specifically, these models' performance drops…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Dongyu Gong , Hantao Zhang

In this paper, we present Vision Permutator, a conceptually simple and data efficient MLP-like architecture for visual recognition. By realizing the importance of the positional information carried by 2D feature representations, unlike…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Qibin Hou , Zihang Jiang , Li Yuan , Ming-Ming Cheng , Shuicheng Yan , Jiashi Feng

Self-attention mechanism is the key of the Transformer but often criticized for its computation demands. Previous token pruning works motivate their methods from the view of computation redundancy but still need to load the full network and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Sihao Lin , Pumeng Lyu , Dongrui Liu , Tao Tang , Xiaodan Liang , Andy Song , Xiaojun Chang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in vision-language understanding, yet how they internally integrate visual and textual information remains poorly understood. To bridge this gap, we perform a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Shezheng Song , Shasha Li , Jie Yu

Recent progress on Transformers and multi-layer perceptron (MLP) models provide new network architectural designs for computer vision tasks. Although these models proved to be effective in many vision tasks such as image recognition, there…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-05 Zhengzhong Tu , Hossein Talebi , Han Zhang , Feng Yang , Peyman Milanfar , Alan Bovik , Yinxiao Li

Transformers have achieved remarkable success in sequence modeling and beyond but suffer from quadratic computational and memory complexities with respect to the length of the input sequence. Leveraging techniques include sparse and linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Tan Nguyen , Richard G. Baraniuk , Robert M. Kirby , Stanley J. Osher , Bao Wang

Vision Transformers (ViTs) and MLPs signal further efforts on replacing hand-wired features or inductive biases with general-purpose neural architectures. Existing works empower the models by massive data, such as large-scale pre-training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Xiangning Chen , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Boqing Gong

In recent times there has been a surge of multi-modal architectures based on Large Language Models, which leverage the zero shot generation capabilities of LLMs and project image embeddings into the text space and then use the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Kousik Rajesh , Mrigank Raman , Mohammed Asad Karim , Pranit Chawla

For the past ten years, CNN has reigned supreme in the world of computer vision, but recently, Transformer has been on the rise. However, the quadratic computational cost of self-attention has become a serious problem in practice…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Yuki Tatsunami , Masato Taki

Attention layers are widely used in natural language processing (NLP) and are beginning to influence computer vision architectures. Training very large transformer models allowed significant improvement in both fields, but once trained,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Jean-Baptiste Cordonnier , Andreas Loukas , Martin Jaggi

An important development in deep learning from the earliest MLPs has been a move towards architectures with structural inductive biases which enable the model to keep distinct sources of information and routes of processing well-separated.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Alex Lamb , Di He , Anirudh Goyal , Guolin Ke , Chien-Feng Liao , Mirco Ravanelli , Yoshua Bengio

Multivariate time series forecasting has been widely used in various practical scenarios. Recently, Transformer-based models have shown significant potential in forecasting tasks due to the capture of long-range dependencies. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Zhe Li , Zhongwen Rao , Lujia Pan , Zenglin Xu