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The increasing adoption of machine learning tools has led to calls for accountability via model interpretability. But what does it mean for a machine learning model to be interpretable by humans, and how can this be assessed? We focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Dylan Slack , Sorelle A. Friedler , Carlos Scheidegger , Chitradeep Dutta Roy

The escalating integration of machine learning in high-stakes fields such as healthcare raises substantial concerns about model fairness. We propose an interpretable framework - Fairness-Aware Interpretable Modeling (FAIM), to improve model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Mingxuan Liu , Yilin Ning , Yuhe Ke , Yuqing Shang , Bibhas Chakraborty , Marcus Eng Hock Ong , Roger Vaughan , Nan Liu

The success of neural networks builds to a large extent on their ability to create internal knowledge representations from real-world high-dimensional data, such as images, sound, or text. Approaches to extract and present these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Lars Holmberg , Paul Davidsson , Per Linde

The trade-off between accuracy and interpretability has long been a challenge in machine learning (ML). This tension is particularly significant for emerging interpretable-by-design methods, which aim to redesign ML algorithms for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Geyu Liang , Senne Michielssen , Salar Fattahi

Interpretability is the study of explaining models in understandable terms to humans. At present, interpretability is divided into two paradigms: the intrinsic paradigm, which believes that only models designed to be explained can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Andreas Madsen , Himabindu Lakkaraju , Siva Reddy , Sarath Chandar

Artificial intelligence (AI) continues to transform data analysis in many domains. Progress in each domain is driven by a growing body of annotated data, increased computational resources, and technological innovations. In medicine, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Ahmad Chaddad , Qizong lu , Jiali Li , Yousef Katib , Reem Kateb , Camel Tanougast , Ahmed Bouridane , Ahmed Abdulkadir

In the realm of human activity recognition (HAR), the integration of explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) emerges as a critical necessity to elucidate the decision-making processes of complex models, fostering transparency and trust.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Yiran Huang , Yexu Zhou , Haibin Zhao , Till Riedel , Michael Beigl

We discuss our insights into interpretable artificial-intelligence (AI) models, and how they are essential in the context of developing ethical AI systems, as well as data-driven solutions compliant with the Sustainable Development Goals…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-25 Ricardo Vinuesa , Beril Sirmacek

Faithful explanations are essential for machine learning models in high-stakes applications. Inherently interpretable models are well-suited for these applications because they naturally provide faithful explanations by revealing their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Chudi Zhong , Panyu Chen , Cynthia Rudin

To plan safe maneuvers and act with foresight, autonomous vehicles must be capable of accurately predicting the uncertain future. In the context of autonomous driving, deep neural networks have been successfully applied to learning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Salar Arbabi , Davide Tavernini , Saber Fallah , Richard Bowden

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown impressive reasoning capabilities across vision-language tasks, yet still face the challenge of compute-difficulty mismatch. Through empirical analyses, we identify that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Huijie Guo , Jingyao Wang , Lingyu Si , Jiahuan Zhou , Changwen Zheng , Wenwen Qiang

Recent efforts in Machine Learning (ML) interpretability have focused on creating methods for explaining black-box ML models. However, these methods rely on the assumption that simple approximations, such as linear models or decision-trees,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-13 Owen Lahav , Nicholas Mastronarde , Mihaela van der Schaar

Machine-learning models have demonstrated great success in learning complex patterns that enable them to make predictions about unobserved data. In addition to using models for prediction, the ability to interpret what a model has learned…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-11-15 W. James Murdoch , Chandan Singh , Karl Kumbier , Reza Abbasi-Asl , Bin Yu

Interpretable-by-design models are crucial for fostering trust, accountability, and safe adoption of automated decision-making models in real-world applications. In this paper we formalize the ground for the MIMOSA (Mining Interpretable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Riccardo Guidotti , Martina Cinquini , Marta Marchiori Manerba , Mattia Setzu , Francesco Spinnato

Explainability has been an important goal since the early days of Artificial Intelligence. Several approaches for producing explanations have been developed. However, many of these approaches were tightly coupled with the capabilities of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-20 Shruthi Chari , Daniel M. Gruen , Oshani Seneviratne , Deborah L. McGuinness

Focus in Explainable AI is shifting from explanations defined in terms of low-level elements, such as input features, to explanations encoded in terms of interpretable concepts learned from data. How to reliably acquire such concepts is,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Emanuele Marconato , Andrea Passerini , Stefano Teso

Decisions by Machine Learning (ML) models have become ubiquitous. Trusting these decisions requires understanding how algorithms take them. Hence interpretability methods for ML are an active focus of research. A central problem in this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-25 Philipp Schmidt , Felix Biessmann

When human cognition is modeled in Philosophy and Cognitive Science, there is a pervasive idea that humans employ mental representations in order to navigate the world and make predictions about outcomes of future actions. By understanding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Marcus Westberg , Kary Främling

We position a narrative-centred computational model for high-level knowledge representation and reasoning in the context of a range of assistive technologies concerned with "visuo-spatial perception and cognition" tasks. Our proposed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-06-25 Mehul Bhatt , Jakob Suchan , Carl Schultz

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being used in education, yet their correctness alone does not capture the quality, reliability, or pedagogical validity of their problem-solving behavior, especially in mathematics, where…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Sagnik Dakshit , Sushmita Sinha Roy