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Prompt optimization and fine-tuning are two major approaches to improve the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs). They enhance the capabilities of LLMs from complementary perspectives: the former through explicit natural language,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xiaohe Bo , Rui Li , Zexu Sun , Quanyu Dai , Zeyu Zhang , Zihang Tian , Xu Chen , Zhenhua Dong

Deep learning techniques have become one of the main propellers for solving engineering problems effectively and efficiently. For instance, Predictive Maintenance methods have been used to improve predictions of when maintenance is needed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Julio Hurtado , Dario Salvati , Rudy Semola , Mattia Bosio , Vincenzo Lomonaco

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) is now a common approach for text classification in a wide range of applications. When labeled documents are scarce, active learning helps save annotation efforts but requires retraining of massive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Artem Vysogorets , Achintya Gopal

We address the challenging problem of deep representation learning--the efficient adaption of a pre-trained deep network to different tasks. Specifically, we propose to explore gradient-based features. These features are gradients of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Fangzhou Mu , Yingyu Liang , Yin Li

Large, pre-trained representation models trained using self-supervised learning have gained popularity in various fields of machine learning because they are able to extract high-quality salient features from input data. As such, they have…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-16 Hejung Yang , Hong-Goo Kang

Large pre-trained language models (PLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on natural language understanding (NLU) tasks through fine-tuning. However, fine-tuned models still suffer from overconfident predictions, especially in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Guande He , Jianfei Chen , Jun Zhu

Deep learning has shown its human-level performance in various applications. However, current deep learning models are characterised by catastrophic forgetting of old knowledge when learning new classes. This poses a challenge particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-29 Yang Yang , Zhiying Cui , Junjie Xu , Changhong Zhong , Wei-Shi Zheng , Ruixuan Wang

End-to-end trained Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) have been successfully applied to numerous problems that require processing sequences, such as image captioning, machine translation, and text recognition. However, RNNs often struggle to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-24 Ankush Gupta , Andrea Vedaldi , Andrew Zisserman

With the advent of large-scale pre-trained models, interest in adapting and exploiting them for continual learning scenarios has grown. In this paper, we propose an approach to exploiting pre-trained vision-language models (e.g. CLIP) that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Xialei Liu , Xusheng Cao , Haori Lu , Jia-wen Xiao , Andrew D. Bagdanov , Ming-Ming Cheng

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have become a widely deployed model for numerous machine learning applications. However, their fixed architecture, substantial training cost, and significant model redundancy make it difficult to efficiently…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Xiaoliang Dai , Hongxu Yin , Niraj K. Jha

The advent of large-scale pre-trained language models has contributed greatly to the recent progress in natural language processing. Many state-of-the-art language models are first trained on a large text corpus and then fine-tuned on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Hang Hua , Xingjian Li , Dejing Dou , Cheng-Zhong Xu , Jiebo Luo

Continual adaptation of deep generative models holds tremendous potential and critical importance, given their rapid and expanding usage in text and vision based applications. Incremental training, however, remains highly challenging due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Victor Enescu , Hichem Sahbi

In recent years, deep learning has made remarkable progress in a wide range of domains, with a particularly notable impact on natural language processing tasks. One of the challenges associated with training deep neural networks in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Hanna Mazzawi , Xavi Gonzalvo , Michael Wunder , Sammy Jerome , Benoit Dherin

Deep neural networks are susceptible to catastrophic forgetting when trained on sequential tasks. Various continual learning (CL) methods often rely on exemplar buffers or/and network expansion for balancing model stability and plasticity,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Depeng Li , Tianqi Wang , Junwei Chen , Qining Ren , Kenji Kawaguchi , Zhigang Zeng

Deep neural networks show great potential for automating various visual quality inspection tasks in manufacturing. However, their applicability is limited in more volatile scenarios, such as remanufacturing, where the inspected products and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Johannes C. Bauer , Paul Geng , Stephan Trattnig , Petr Dokládal , Rüdiger Daub

We introduce an approach to training a given compact network. To this end, we leverage over-parameterization, which typically improves both neural network optimization and generalization. Specifically, we propose to expand each linear layer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Shuxuan Guo , Jose M. Alvarez , Mathieu Salzmann

The lifelong learning paradigm in machine learning is an attractive alternative to the more prominent isolated learning scheme not only due to its resemblance to biological learning but also its potential to reduce energy waste by obviating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Sanket Vaibhav Mehta , Darshan Patil , Sarath Chandar , Emma Strubell

Continual learning methods used to force neural networks to process sequential tasks in isolation, preventing them from leveraging useful inter-task relationships and causing them to repeatedly relearn similar features or overly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Hyung-Jun Moon , Sung-Bae Cho

Adapting pre-trained models to specialized tasks often leads to catastrophic forgetting, where new knowledge overwrites foundational capabilities. Existing methods either compromise performance on the new task or struggle to balance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Dyah Adila , Hanna Mazzawi , Benoit Dherin , Xavier Gonzalvo

In recent years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved impressive performance for various visual recognition scenarios. CNNs trained on large labeled datasets can not only obtain significant performance on most challenging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Xiangyang Li , Luis Herranz , Shuqiang Jiang