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The availability of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools such as ChatGPT or GitHub Copilot is reshaping the way in which software is developed, evolved, and maintained. Oftentimes, developers leave traces of such an usage in…

Context: Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT are increasingly adopted in software engineering (SE) education, offering both opportunities and challenges. Their adoption requires systematic investigation to ensure responsible…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Maryam Khan , Muhammad Azeem Akbar , Jussi Kasurinen

Numerous code changes are made by developers in their daily work, and a superior representation of code changes is desired for effective code change analysis. Recently, Hoang et al. proposed CC2Vec, a neural network-based approach that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Xin Zhou , Bowen Xu , DongGyun Han , Zhou Yang , Junda He , David Lo

Software developed on public platform is a source of data that can be used to make predictions about those projects. While the individual developing activity may be random and hard to predict, the developing behavior on project level can be…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Tianpei Xia , Wei Fu , Rui Shu , Rishabh Agrawal , Tim Menzies

Commit Classification (CC) is an important task in software maintenance, which helps software developers classify code changes into different types according to their nature and purpose. It allows developers to understand better how their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Jiajun Tong , Zhixiao Wang , Xiaobin Rui

One of the central tasks in software maintenance is being able to understand and develop code changes. Thus, given a natural language description of the desired new operation of a function, an agent (human or AI) might be asked to generate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Kunal Pai , Premkumar Devanbu , Toufique Ahmed

Commit messages are crucial to software development, allowing developers to track changes and collaborate effectively. Despite their utility, most commit messages lack important information since writing high-quality commit messages is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Aleksandra Eliseeva , Yaroslav Sokolov , Egor Bogomolov , Yaroslav Golubev , Danny Dig , Timofey Bryksin

Recently, pre-trained Transformer based language models such as BERT and GPT, have shown great improvement in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, these models contain a large amount of parameters. The emergence of even…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Ofir Zafrir , Guy Boudoukh , Peter Izsak , Moshe Wasserblat

Commit messages are the atomic level of software documentation. They provide a natural language description of the code change and its purpose. Messages are critical for software maintenance and program comprehension. Unlike documenting…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-06 Eman Abdullah AlOmar , Jiaqian Liu , Kenneth Addo , Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer , Christian Newman , Ali Ouni , Zhe Yu

GitHub Copilot is transforming software development by automating tasks and boosting productivity through AI driven code generation. In this paper, we conduct a literature survey to synthesize insights on Copilot's impact on productivity…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Suresh Babu Nettur , Shanthi Karpurapu , Unnati Nettur , Likhit Sagar Gajja , Sravanthy Myneni , Akhil Dusi

Pre-trained language models (PTLMs) have transformed natural language processing (NLP), enabling major advances in tasks such as text generation and translation. Similar to software package management, PTLMs are developed using code and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Adekunle Ajibode , Abdul Ali Bangash , Oussama Ben Sghaier , Bram Adams , Ahmed E. Hassan

Tracking statements in the commit history of a project is in many cases useful for supporting various software maintenance, comprehension, and evolution tasks. A high level of accuracy can facilitate the adoption of code tracking tools by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Mohammed Tayeeb Hasan , Nikolaos Tsantalis , Pouria Alikhanifard

In collaborative open-source development, the rationale for code changes is often captured in commit messages, making them a rich source of valuable information. However, research on rationale in commit messages remains limited. In this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Mouna Dhaouadi , Bentley James Oakes , Michalis Famelis

Detecting the presence of bots in distributed software development activity is very important in order to prevent bias in large-scale socio-technical empirical analyses. In previous work, we proposed a classification model to detect bots in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Mehdi Golzadeh , Alexandre Decan , Tom Mens

The Transformer architecture and transfer learning have marked a quantum leap in natural language processing, improving the state of the art across a range of text-based tasks. This paper examines how these advancements can be applied to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-29 Pasquale Salza , Christoph Schwizer , Jian Gu , Harald C. Gall

It is necessary to gather real refactoring instances while conducting empirical studies on refactoring. However, existing refactoring detection approaches are insufficient in terms of their accuracy and coverage. Reducing the manual effort…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Ryo Kuramoto , Motoshi Saeki , Shinpei Hayashi

Large language models (LLMs) have gained widespread popularity and have steadily improved over time, enabling software developers to use them for various code-related tasks. One common task is code refactoring, where the LLM suggests…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-07 David Schön , Faiza Amjad , Tehreem Asif , Ranim Khojah , Mazen Mohamad , Francisco Gomes de Oliveira Neto , Philipp Leitner

GitHub Copilot, an extension for the Visual Studio Code development environment powered by the large-scale language model Codex, makes automatic program synthesis available for software developers. This model has been extensively studied in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Dominik Sobania , Martin Briesch , Franz Rothlauf

Fine-tuning large language models for code editing has typically relied on mining commits and pull requests. The working hypothesis has been that commit messages describe human intent in natural language, and patches to code describe the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Yangtian Zi , Zixuan Wu , Aleksander Boruch-Gruszecki , Jonathan Bell , Arjun Guha

In recent years, researchers tend to pre-train ever-larger language models to explore the upper limit of deep models. However, large language model pre-training costs intensive computational resources and most of the models are trained from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Cheng Chen , Yichun Yin , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Yujia Qin , Fengyu Wang , Zhi Wang , Xiao Chen , Zhiyuan Liu , Qun Liu