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Verifying hardware designs in embedded systems is crucial but often labor-intensive and time-consuming. While existing solutions have improved automation, they frequently rely on unrealistic assumptions. To address these challenges, we…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Yuchen Hu , Junhao Ye , Ke Xu , Jialin Sun , Shiyue Zhang , Xinyao Jiao , Dingrong Pan , Jie Zhou , Ning Wang , Weiwei Shan , Xinwei Fang , Xi Wang , Nan Guan , Zhe Jiang

Large Language Models (LLMs) for code generation boost productivity but frequently introduce Knowledge Conflicting Hallucinations (KCHs), subtle, semantic errors, such as non-existent API parameters, that evade linters and cause runtime…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Dipin Khati , Daniel Rodriguez-Cardenas , Paul Pantzer , Denys Poshyvanyk

The large transformer-based language models demonstrate excellent performance in natural language processing. By considering the transferability of the knowledge gained by these models in one domain to other related domains, and the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Chandra Thapa , Seung Ick Jang , Muhammad Ejaz Ahmed , Seyit Camtepe , Josef Pieprzyk , Surya Nepal

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate promising capabilities in solving scientific problems but often suffer from the issue of hallucination. While integrating LLMs with tools can mitigate this issue, models fine-tuned on tool usage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Bohan Lyu , Yadi Cao , Duncan Watson-Parris , Leon Bergen , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick , Rose Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional progress in multiple domains of software engineering including software vulnerability detection. Using LLMs to automate vulnerability detection in the wild is an important and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Rijha Safdar , Danyail Mateen , Syed Taha Ali , Wajahat Hussain

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) provide robots with contextual reasoning abilities to comprehend human instructions. Yet, current LLM-enabled robots typically depend on cloud-based models or high-performance computing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Wenhao Wang , Yanyan Li , Long Jiao , Jiawei Yuan

Large language models (LLMs) have become central to modern AI workflows, powering applications from open-ended text generation to complex agent-based reasoning. However, debugging these models remains a persistent challenge due to their…

Large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential in code-related tasks, yet open-source models lag behind their closed-source counterparts. To bridge this performance gap, existing methods generate vast amounts of synthetic data for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Weijie Lv , Xuan Xia , Sheng-Jun Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate code but often introduce security vulnerabilities, logical inconsistencies, and compilation errors. Prior work demonstrates that LLMs benefit substantially from structured feedback, static analysis,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Vidyut Sriram , Sawan Pandita , Achintya Lakshmanan , Aneesh Shamraj , Suman Saha

Binary code similarity detection is a fundamental technique for many security applications such as vulnerability search, patch analysis, and malware detection. There is an increasing need to detect similar code for vulnerability search…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Shouguo Yang , Long Cheng , Yicheng Zeng , Zhe Lang , Hongsong Zhu , Zhiqiang Shi

Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant inference latency challenges stemming from their autoregressive design and large size. To address this, speculative decoding emerges as a solution, enabling the simultaneous generation and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Yinrong Hong , Zhiquan Tan , Kai Hu

Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle to automate real-world vulnerability detection due to two key limitations: the heterogeneity of vulnerability patterns undermines the effectiveness of a single unified model, and manual prompt…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Zihan Wu , Jie Xu , Yun Peng , Chun Yong Chong , Xiaohua Jia

Unlike the flow structure of natural languages, programming languages have an inherent rigidity in structure and grammar.However, existing detection methods based on pre-trained models typically treat code as a natural language sequence,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Ziliang Wang , Ge Li , Jia Li , Yihong Dong , Yingfei Xiong , Zhi Jin

While large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities across numerous applications, their robustness remains a critical concern. This paper is motivated by a specific vulnerability: the order sensitivity of LLMs. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Beni Egressy , Jan Stühmer

Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown impressive results on diverse code-related tasks, benefiting from large-scale training and instruction tuning. However, studies reveal that their grasp of fundamental programming concepts,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Xiaoning Ren , Qiang Hu , Wei Ma , Yan Li , Yao Zhang , Lingxiao Jiang , Yinxing Xue

Large language model (LLM) decoding involves generating a sequence of tokens based on a given context, where each token is predicted one at a time using the model's learned probabilities. The typical autoregressive decoding method requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Xukun Liu , Bowen Lei , Ruqi Zhang , Dongkuan Xu

Code security and usability are both essential for various coding assistant applications driven by large language models (LLMs). Current code security benchmarks focus solely on single evaluation task and paradigm, such as code completion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Yutao Mou , Xiao Deng , Yuxiao Luo , Shikun Zhang , Wei Ye

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant challenges in detecting and repairing vulnerable code, particularly when dealing with vulnerabilities involving multiple aspects, such as variables, code flows, and code structures. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Arshiya Khan , Guannan Liu , Xing Gao

Large language models (LLMs) are widely used in software development. However, the code generated by LLMs often contains vulnerabilities. Several secure code generation methods have been proposed to address this issue, but their current…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Shih-Chieh Dai , Jun Xu , Guanhong Tao

Large Language Models (LLMs) often fail to generate correct code on the first attempt, which requires using generated unit tests as verifiers to validate the solutions. Despite the success of recent verification methods, they remain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Sicheng Zhu , Jiajun Wang , Jiawei Ai , Xin Li