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Recently, the demand for Machine Learning (ML) models that can balance accuracy, efficiency, and interpreability has grown significantly. Traditionally, there has been a tradeoff between accuracy and explainability in predictive models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Akshay Murthy , Shawn Sebastian , Manil Shangle , Huaduo Wang , Sopam Dasgupta , Gopal Gupta

FOLD-RM is an automated inductive learning algorithm for learning default rules for mixed (numerical and categorical) data. It generates an (explainable) answer set programming (ASP) rule set for multi-category classification tasks while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Huaduo Wang , Farhad Shakerin , Gopal Gupta

FOLD-R is an automated inductive learning algorithm for learning default rules for mixed (numerical and categorical) data. It generates an (explainable) answer set programming (ASP) rule set for classification tasks. We present an improved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Huaduo Wang , Gopal Gupta

FOLD-RM is an explainable machine learning classification algorithm that uses training data to create a set of classification rules. In this paper we introduce CON-FOLD which extends FOLD-RM in several ways. CON-FOLD assigns…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Lachlan McGinness , Peter Baumgartner

FOLD-R++ is a new inductive learning algorithm for binary classification tasks. It generates an (explainable) normal logic program for mixed type (numerical and categorical) data. We present a customized FOLD-R++ algorithm with the ranking…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Huaduo Wang , Gopal Gupta

Model explainability is crucial for human users to be able to interpret how a proposed classifier assigns labels to data based on its feature values. We study generalized linear models constructed using sets of feature value rules, which…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-06 Sanjeeb Dash , Soumyadip Ghosh , Joao Goncalves , Mark S. Squillante

Learning interpretable models has become a major focus of machine learning research, given the increasing prominence of machine learning in socially important decision-making. Among interpretable models, rule lists are among the best-known…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Leonardo Pellegrina , Fabio Vandin

Machine learning (ML) techniques play a pivotal role in high-stakes domains such as healthcare, where accurate predictions can greatly enhance decision-making. However, most high-performing methods such as neural networks and ensemble…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Sanne Wielinga , Jesse Heyninck

Interpretable machine learning is essential in high-stakes domains where decision-making requires accountability, transparency, and trust. While rule-based models offer global and exact interpretability, learning rule sets that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Hans Farrell Soegeng , Sarthak Ketanbhai Modi , Thomas Peyrin

Fuzzy rule-based systems have been mostly used in interpretable decision-making because of their interpretable linguistic rules. However, interpretability requires both sensible linguistic partitions and small rule-base sizes, which are not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Javier Fumanal-Idocin , Raquel Fernandez-Peralta , Javier Andreu-Perez

Decision-making in complex systems often relies on machine learning models, yet highly accurate models such as XGBoost and neural networks can obscure the reasoning behind their predictions. In operations research applications,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Gaurav Arwade , Sigurdur Olafsson

Interpretability has always been a major concern for fuzzy rule-based classifiers. The usage of human-readable models allows them to explain the reasoning behind their predictions and decisions. However, when it comes to Big Data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Mikel Elkano , Jose Sanz , Edurne Barrenechea , Humberto Bustince , Mikel Galar

Rule-based models, e.g., decision trees, are widely used in scenarios demanding high model interpretability for their transparent inner structures and good model expressivity. However, rule-based models are hard to optimize, especially on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Zhuo Wang , Wei Zhang , Ning Liu , Jianyong Wang

Learning an explainable classifier often results in low accuracy model or ends up with a huge rule set, while learning a deep model is usually more capable of handling noisy data at scale, but with the cost of hard to explain the result and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Yuanlong Li , Gaopan Huang , Min Zhou , Chuan Fu , Honglin Qiao , Yan He

Rule-based models, e.g., decision trees, are widely used in scenarios demanding high model interpretability for their transparent inner structures and good model expressivity. However, rule-based models are hard to optimize, especially on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Zhuo Wang , Wei Zhang , Ning Liu , Jianyong Wang

Conventional rule learning algorithms aim at finding a set of simple rules, where each rule covers as many examples as possible. In this paper, we argue that the rules found in this way may not be the optimal explanations for each of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-27 Van Quoc Phuong Huynh , Johannes Fürnkranz , Florian Beck

Meta-learning is used to efficiently enable the automatic selection of machine learning models by combining data and prior knowledge. Since the traditional meta-learning technique lacks explainability, as well as shortcomings in terms of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Xinyue Shao , Hongzhi Wang , Xiao Zhu , Feng Xiong

State-of-the-art results in typical classification tasks are mostly achieved by unexplainable machine learning methods, like deep neural networks, for instance. Contrarily, in this paper, we investigate the application of rule learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Albert Nössig , Tobias Hell , Georg Moser

RRULES is presented as an improvement and optimization over RULES, a simple inductive learning algorithm for extracting IF-THEN rules from a set of training examples. RRULES optimizes the algorithm by implementing a more effective mechanism…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Rafel Palliser-Sans

Traditional neural networks have an impressive classification performance, but what they learn cannot be inspected, verified or extracted. Neural Logic Networks on the other hand have an interpretable structure that enables them to learn a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Vincent Perreault , Katsumi Inoue , Richard Labib , Alain Hertz
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