Related papers: String Condensations in 3+1D and Lagrangian Algebr…
The theory of anyon condensation is the foundation of the bulk-boundary relation and topological holography in 2+1D/1+1D. It is believed string condensation should replace anyon condensation in the 3+1D/2+1D topological holography theory.…
We consider properties of confining strings in 2+1 dimensional SU(2) nonabelian gauge theory with the Higgs field in adjoint representation. The analysis is carried out in the context of effective dual Lagrangian which describes the…
We present a new perspective on the $p$-string condensation procedure for constructing 3+1D fracton phases by implementing this process via the gauging of higher-form symmetries. Specifically, we show that gauging a 1-form symmetry in 3+1D…
String and particle braiding statistics are examined in a class of topological orders described by discrete gauge theories with a gauge group $G$ and a 4-cocycle twist $\omega_4$ of $G$'s cohomology group…
We investigate finite-dimensional constrained structured optimization problems, featuring composite objective functions and set-membership constraints. Offering an expressive yet simple language, this problem class provides a modeling…
We propose a Lagrangian for the low-energy theory that resides at the (1+1)-dimensional intersection of N semi-infinite M2-branes ending orthogonally on M M5-branes in ${\mathbb R}^{1,2} \times {\mathbb C}^4/{\mathbb Z}_k$ (for arbitrary…
String breaking is an intriguing phenomenon crucial to the understanding of lattice gauge theories (LGTs), with strong relevance to both condensed matter and high-energy physics (HEP). Recent experiments investigating string breaking in…
We study lattice Hamiltonian realisations of (3+1)d Dijkgraaf-Witten theory with gapped boundaries. In addition to the bulk loop-like excitations, the Hamiltonian yields bulk dyonic string-like excitations that terminate at gapped…
Given a gapped boundary of a (3+1)d topological order (TO), one can stack on it a decoupled (2+1)d TO to get another boundary theory. Should one view these two boundaries as "different"? A natural choice would be no. Different classes of…
It is shown that an arbitrary singular Lagrangian theory (with first and second class constraints up to $N$-th stage in the Hamiltonian formulation) can be reformulated as a theory with at most third-stage constraints. The corresponding…
In this paper, we investigate the general properties of lattice spin models that have string and/or membrane condensed ground states. We discuss the properties needed to define a string or membrane operator. We study three 3D spin models…
We study order parameters in one-dimensional quantum lattice models with finite invertible or non-invertible symmetry. We investigate what properties a string operator must satisfy in order to acquire a non-vanishing expectation value in a…
Various features of domain walls in supersymmetric gluodynamics are discussed. We give a simple field-theoretic interpretation of the phenomenon of strings ending on the walls recently conjectured by Witten. An explanation of this…
We introduce a finite-dimensional algebra that controls the possible boundary conditions of a conformal field theory. For theories that are obtained by modding out a Z_2 symmetry (corresponding to a so-called D_odd-type, or half-integer…
We examine the algebraic structure of the matrix regularization for the wrapped membrane on $R^{10}\times S^1$ in the light-cone gauge. We give a concrete representation for the algebra and obtain the matrix string theory having the…
We classify $E_2$ condensable algebras in a modular tensor category $\mathcal{C}$ up to 2-Morita equivalence. From a physical perspective, this is equivalent to providing a criterion for when different $E_2$ condensable algebras result in…
The macroscopic theory of anyon condensation, rooted in the categorical structure of topological excitations, provides a complete classification of gapped boundaries in topologically ordered systems, where distinct boundaries correspond to…
We present a general approach for detecting when a fusion category symmetry is anomalous, based on the existence of a special kind of Lagrangian algebra of the corresponding Drinfeld center. The Drinfeld center of a fusion category…
String theory is canonically accompanied with a space-time interpretation which determines S-matrix-like observables, and connects to the standard physics at low energies in the guise of local effective field theory. Recently, we have…
We consider the moduli space of bordered Riemann surfaces with boundary and marked points. Such spaces appear in open-closed string theory, particularly with respect to holomorphic curves with Lagrangian submanifolds. We consider a…