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Attention mechanisms in deep learning architectures have often been used as a means of transparency and, as such, to shed light on the inner workings of the architectures. Recently, there has been a growing interest in whether or not this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Joris Baan , Maartje ter Hoeve , Marlies van der Wees , Anne Schuth , Maarten de Rijke

Despite several successes in document understanding, the practical task for long document understanding is largely under-explored due to several challenges in computation and how to efficiently absorb long multimodal input. Most current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Hai Pham , Guoxin Wang , Yijuan Lu , Dinei Florencio , Cha Zhang

The task of automatic text summarization produces a concise and fluent text summary while preserving key information and overall meaning. Recent approaches to document-level summarization have seen significant improvements in recent years…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Gonçalo Raposo , Afonso Raposo , Ana Sofia Carmo

The rapid growth of textual data across news, legal, medical, and scientific domains is becoming a challenge for efficiently accessing and understanding large volumes of content. It is increasingly complex for users to consume and extract…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Pushpa Devi , Ayush Agrawal , Ashutosh Dubey , C. Ravindranath Chowdary

Transformers are built upon multi-head scaled dot-product attention and positional encoding, which aim to learn the feature representations and token dependencies. In this work, we focus on enhancing the distinctive representation by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Litao Yu , Jian Zhang

The Transformer translation model is based on the multi-head attention mechanism, which can be parallelized easily. The multi-head attention network performs the scaled dot-product attention function in parallel, empowering the model by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Hongfei Xu , Qiuhui Liu , Josef van Genabith , Deyi Xiong

One key challenge in multi-document summarization is to capture the relations among input documents that distinguish between single document summarization (SDS) and multi-document summarization (MDS). Few existing MDS works address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Congbo Ma , Wei Emma Zhang , Pitawelayalage Dasun Dileepa Pitawela , Yutong Qu , Haojie Zhuang , Hu Wang

Hierarchical attention networks have recently achieved remarkable performance for document classification in a given language. However, when multilingual document collections are considered, training such models separately for each language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-18 Nikolaos Pappas , Andrei Popescu-Belis

Long Document Classification (LDC) has gained significant attention recently. However, multi-modal data in long documents such as texts and images are not being effectively utilized. Prior studies in this area have attempted to integrate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Tengfei Liu , Yongli Hu , Junbin Gao , Yanfeng Sun , Baocai Yin

Traditional sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) models and other variations of the attention-mechanism such as hierarchical attention have been applied to the text summarization problem. Though there is a hierarchy in the way humans use language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-04 Rajeev Bhatt Ambati , Saptarashmi Bandyopadhyay , Prasenjit Mitra

This paper studies a text classification algorithm based on an improved Transformer to improve the performance and efficiency of the model in text classification tasks. Aiming at the shortcomings of the traditional Transformer model in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Jia Gao , Guiran Liu , Binrong Zhu , Shicheng Zhou , Hongye Zheng , Xiaoxuan Liao

One of the challenges for current sequence to sequence (seq2seq) models is processing long sequences, such as those in summarization and document level machine translation tasks. These tasks require the model to reason at the token level as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Tobias Rohde , Xiaoxia Wu , Yinhan Liu

Large language models produce powerful text embeddings, but their causal attention mechanism restricts the flow of information from later to earlier tokens, degrading representation quality. While recent methods attempt to solve this by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Xueying Ding , Xingyue Huang , Mingxuan Ju , Liam Collins , Yozen Liu , Leman Akoglu , Neil Shah , Tong Zhao

Despite the progress made in sentence-level NMT, current systems still fall short at achieving fluent, good quality translation for a full document. Recent works in context-aware NMT consider only a few previous sentences as context and may…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-27 Sameen Maruf , André F. T. Martins , Gholamreza Haffari

Code summarization aims to generate concise natural language descriptions for source code. The prevailing approaches adopt transformer-based encoder-decoder architectures, where the Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) of the source code is utilized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Yeshwanth Nagaraj , Ujjwal Gupta

Controlled abstractive summarization focuses on producing condensed versions of a source article to cover specific aspects by shifting the distribution of generated text towards a desired style, e.g., a set of topics. Subsequently, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Seyed Ali Bahrainian , Martin Jaggi , Carsten Eickhoff

The quadratic computational and memory complexities of large Transformers have limited their scalability for long document summarization. In this paper, we propose Hepos, a novel efficient encoder-decoder attention with head-wise positional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Luyang Huang , Shuyang Cao , Nikolaus Parulian , Heng Ji , Lu Wang

In sequence to sequence learning, the self-attention mechanism proves to be highly effective, and achieves significant improvements in many tasks. However, the self-attention mechanism is not without its own flaws. Although self-attention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-22 Guangxiang Zhao , Xu Sun , Jingjing Xu , Zhiyuan Zhang , Liangchen Luo

The computing cost of transformer self-attention often necessitates breaking long documents to fit in pretrained models in document ranking tasks. In this paper, we design Query-Directed Sparse attention that induces IR-axiomatic structures…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Jyun-Yu Jiang , Chenyan Xiong , Chia-Jung Lee , Wei Wang

We describe an efficient hierarchical method to compute attention in the Transformer architecture. The proposed attention mechanism exploits a matrix structure similar to the Hierarchical Matrix (H-Matrix) developed by the numerical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Zhenhai Zhu , Radu Soricut