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In-memory computing promises to overcome the von Neumann bottleneck in computer systems by performing computations directly within the memory. Previous research has suggested using Spin-Transfer Torque RAM (STT-RAM) for in-memory computing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Dhruv Gajaria , Kevin Antony Gomez , Tosiron Adegbija

Superparamagnetic magnetic tunnel junctions (sMTJs) are promising components for true random number generation and probabilistic computing. Achieving high-frequency fluctuation while maintaining reliable control over output level is…

Applied Physics · Physics 2026-01-23 Qi Jia , Jian-Ping Wang

In this paper, we propose a Spin-Torque (ST) based sensing scheme that can enable energy efficient multi-bit long distance interconnect architectures. Current-mode interconnects have recently been proposed to overcome the performance…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2016-04-20 Zubair Al Azim , Abhronil Sengupta , Syed Shakib Sarwar , Kaushik Roy

Herein, a bit-wise Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in-memory accelerator is implemented using Spin-Orbit Torque Magnetic Random Access Memory (SOT-MRAM) computational sub-arrays. It utilizes a novel AND-Accumulation method capable of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-18 Arman Roohi , Shaahin Angizi , Deliang Fan , Ronald F DeMara

The writing process of SOT-MRAMs is considered deterministic when additional symmetry-breaking factors, such as the application of an external magnetic field aligned with the current, are present. Notably, the write probability exhibits a…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-12-12 Kuldeep Ray , Jérémie Vigier , Perrine Usé , Sylvain Martin , Nicolas Lefoulon , Chloé Bouard , Marc Drouard , Gilles Gaudin

Spin filtering and its back-action spin transfer torque (STT) are key ingredients of latest spintronic devices based on magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). Resonant tunneling (RT), implemented by design or occurring as parasitic effects, is…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-10-27 Maciej Bazarnik , Anika Schlenhoff

Combining spin-orbit (SOT) and spin-transfer torques (STT) provides a practical approach for field-free switching in spin-orbit torque magnetic random-access memory (SOT-MRAM), a prerequisite for industrial deployment, but can compromise…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-05-27 Kuldeep Ray , Jérémie Vigier , Sylvain Martin , Chloé Bouard , Nicolas Lefoulon , Marc Drouard , Gilles Gaudin

As transistor-based memory technologies like dynamic random access memory (DRAM) approach their scalability limits, the need to explore alternative storage solutions becomes increasingly urgent. Phase-change memory (PCM) has gained…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Mahek Desai , Rowena Quinn , Marjan Asadinia

Probabilistic computing using random number generators (RNGs) can leverage the inherent stochasticity of nanodevices for system-level benefits. The magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) has been studied as an RNG due to its thermally-driven…

This work represents integration of MTJ with 30nm FinFET for low voltage analog write operations and readout optimization for the p-bit or true random number generator (TRNG), where the induced p-bit, the probabilistic state of the magnetic…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Thomas Egler , Hans Dittmann , Sunanda Thunder , Artur Useinov

Spin-Transfer Torque Magnetic RAM} (STT-MRAM) is a promising alternative for SRAMs in on-chip cache memories. Besides all its advantages, high error rate in STT-MRAM is a major limiting factor for on-chip cache memories. In this paper, we…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Elham Cheshmikhani , Hamed Farbeh , Hossein Asadi

Straintronic magneto-tunneling junction (s-MTJ) switches, whose resistances are controlled with voltage-generated strain in the magnetostrictive free layer of the MTJ, are extremely energy-efficient switches that would dissipate a few aJ of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2017-07-18 S. Dey Manasi , M. M. Al Rashid , J. Atulasimha , S. Bandyopadhyay , A. R. Trivedi

Bit truncation has demonstrated great potential to enable run-time quality-power adaptive data storage, thereby optimizing the power/energy efficiency of approximate applications and supporting their deployment in edge environments.…

Stochastic behaviors of resistive random access memory (RRAM) play an important role in the design of cross-point memory arrays. A Monte Carlo compact model of oxide RRAM is developed and calibrated with experiments on various device stack…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-07-19 Haitong Li , Peng Huang , Bin Gao , Xiaoyan Liu , Jinfeng Kang , H. -S. Philip Wong

In this paper, we present a new 9T SRAM cell that has good write-ability and improves read stability at the same time. Simulation results show that the proposed design increases Read SNM (RSNM) and Ion/Ioff of read path by 219% and 113%,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-01-07 Ghasem Pasandi , Sied Mehdi Fakhraei

We numerically study ultra fast resonant spin torque (ST) magnetization reversal in magnetic tunnelling junctions (MTJ) driven by current pulses having a direct current (DC) and a resonant alternating current (AC) component. The…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-05-19 L. Fricke , S. Serrano-Guisan , H. W. Schumacher

Spin Orbit Torque-Magnetic Random Access Memory (SOT-MRAM) is being developed as a successor to the Spin transfer torque MRAM (STT-MRAM) owing to its superior performance on the metrics of reliability and read-write speed. SOT switching of…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-10-31 Akanksha Chouhan , Heston A. Mendonca , Abhishek Erram , Ashwin A. Tulapurkar

Antiferromagnetic Tunnel Junctions (AFMTJs) offer picosecond switching and high integration density for in-memory computing, but their ultrafast dynamics and low tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) make state-of-the-art MRAM interfaces…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Yousuf Choudhary , Tosiron Adegbija

The speed of writing of state-of-the-art ferromagnetic memories is physically limited by an intrinsic GHz threshold. Recently, an alternative research direction has been initiated by realizing memory devices based on antiferromagnets in…

Current-induced spin-transfer torques (STT) and spin-orbit torques (SOT) enable the electrical switching of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) in nonvolatile magnetic random access memories. In order to develop faster memory devices, an…