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Missing data is a pervasive challenge spanning diverse data types, including tabular, sensor data, time-series, images and so on. Its origins are multifaceted, resulting in various missing mechanisms. Prior research in this field has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Youran Zhou , Mohamed Reda Bouadjenek , Sunil Aryal

Missing data is a ubiquitous challenge in data analysis, often leading to biased and inaccurate results. Traditional imputation methods usually assume that the missingness mechanism is missing-at-random (MAR), where the missingness is…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-30 Huiming Xie , Fei Xue , Xiao Wang

Tensor completion plays a crucial role in applications such as recommender systems and medical imaging, where data are often highly incomplete. While extensive prior work has addressed tensor completion with data missingness, most assume…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-10 Maoyu Zhang , Biao Cai , Will Wei Sun , Jingfei Zhang

Conducting valid statistical analyses is challenging in the presence of missing-not-at-random (MNAR) data, where the missingness mechanism is dependent on the missing values themselves even conditioned on the observed data. Here, we…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-13 Anna Guo , Jiwei Zhao , Razieh Nabi

Missing data occur frequently in empirical studies in health and social sciences, often compromising our ability to make accurate inferences. An outcome is said to be missing not at random (MNAR) if, conditional on the observed variables,…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-01-23 BaoLuo Sun , Lan Liu , Wang Miao , Kathleen Wirth , James Robins , Eric Tchetgen Tchetgen

Practical problems with missing data are common, and statistical methods have been developed concerning the validity and/or efficiency of statistical procedures. On a central focus, there have been longstanding interests on the mechanism…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-03-26 Rui Duan , C. Jason Liang , Pamela Shaw , Cheng Yong Tang , Yong Chen

Model-based unsupervised learning, as any learning task, stalls as soon as missing data occurs. This is even more true when the missing data are informative, or said missing not at random (MNAR). In this paper, we propose model-based…

Missing data are frequently encountered in various disciplines and can be divided into three categories: missing completely at random (MCAR), missing at random (MAR) and missing not at random (MNAR). Valid statistical approaches to missing…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-28 Hairu Wang , Zhiping Lu , Yukun Liu

We consider the task of identifying and estimating a parameter of interest in settings where data is missing not at random (MNAR). In general, such parameters are not identified without strong assumptions on the missing data model. In this…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-29 Zixiao Wang , AmirEmad Ghassami , Ilya Shpitser

This paper reviews recent advances in missing data research using graphical models to represent multivariate dependencies. We first examine the limitations of traditional frameworks from three different perspectives: \textit{transparency,…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-11-15 Karthika Mohan , Judea Pearl

Missing data poses a significant challenge in data science, affecting decision-making processes and outcomes. Understanding what missing data is, how it occurs, and why it is crucial to handle it appropriately is paramount when working with…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-09 Youran Zhou , Sunil Aryal , Mohamed Reda Bouadjenek

Missing Not At Random (MNAR) values lead to significant biases in the data, since the probability of missingness depends on the unobserved values.They are ''not ignorable'' in the sense that they often require defining a model for the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-11 Aude Sportisse , Claire Boyer , Julie Josse

Real-world datasets often have missing values associated with complex generative processes, where the cause of the missingness may not be fully observed. This is known as missing not at random (MNAR) data. However, many imputation methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Chao Ma , Cheng Zhang

Data analysis usually suffers from the Missing Not At Random (MNAR) problem, where the cause of the value missing is not fully observed. Compared to the naive Missing Completely At Random (MCAR) problem, it is more in line with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Jialei Chen , Yuanbo Xu , Pengyang Wang , Yongjian Yang

Sensitivity analysis is popular in dealing with missing data problems particularly for non-ignorable missingness. It analyses how sensitively the conclusions may depend on assumptions about missing data e.g. missing data mechanism (MDM). We…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-01-26 Peng Yin , Jian Qing Shi

Analysis of competing risks data is often complicated by the incomplete or selectively missing information on the cause of failure. Standard approaches typically assume that the cause of failure is missing at random (MAR), an assumption…

Missing values challenge data analysis because many supervised and unsupervised learning methods cannot be applied directly to incomplete data. Matrix completion based on low-rank assumptions are very powerful solution for dealing with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-01-30 Aude Sportisse , Claire Boyer , Julie Josse

Missing data can be informative. Ignoring this information can lead to misleading conclusions when the data model does not allow information to be extracted from the missing data. We propose a co-clustering model, based on the Latent Block…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Gabriel Frisch , Jean-Benoist Léger , Yves Grandvalet

Missing data arise in most applied settings and are ubiquitous in electronic health records (EHR). When data are missing not at random (MNAR) with respect to measured covariates, sensitivity analyses are often considered. These post-hoc…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-07-11 Alexander W. Levis , Rajarshi Mukherjee , Rui Wang , Heidi Fischer , Sebastien Haneuse

Conditions ensuring optimal parameter estimation in the presence of missing data are well established in inference, typically relying on the Missing-at-Random (MAR) assumption. In prediction, similar principles are often assumed to apply.…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-19 Pierre Catoire , Robin Genuer , Cecile Proust-Lima
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