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The software community has specific definitions for terms such as "open source software," "free software," and "permissive license," but scientists proposing software development efforts to NASA are not always knowledgeable about these…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-11-05 John D. Haiducek , Thom R. Edwards , Wade Duvall , Sarah R. Cannon , Kai Germaschewski , Jason E. Kooi

The principle that research output should be open has, in recent years, been in-creasingly applied to data and software. Licensing is a key aspect to openness. Navi-gating the landscape of open source licenses can lead to complex…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-25 Y. G. Grange , T. Jürges , J. Schnabel , N. P. F. Lorente , M. Füßling

The widespread adoption of open source libraries and frameworks can be attributed to their licensing. Open Source Software Licenses (OSS licenses) ensure that software can be sold or distributed as part of aggregate programs from various…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Raula Gaikovina Kula , Brittany Anne Reid , Christoph Treude

This document explains the basic concepts related to software and hardware licenses, and it summarizes the most popular licenses that are currently used for hardware projects. Two case studies of hardware projects at different levels of…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Màrius Montón , Xavier Salazar

Free and open source software is widely used in the creation of software systems, whereas many organisations choose to provide their systems as open source. Open source software carries licenses that determine the conditions under which the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-10-04 Maria Papoutsoglou , Georgia M. Kapitsaki , Daniel German , Lefteris Angelis

Most modern software products incorporate open-source components, requiring development teams to maintain compliance with each component's licenses. Noncompliance can have significant financial, legal, and reputational repercussions.…

The main goal of this document is to help the research community to understand the basic concepts of software distribution: Free software, Open source software, licenses. This document also includes a procedure for research software and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2014-09-12 Teresa Gomez-Diaz

Integrating third-party software components is a common practice in modern software development, offering significant advantages in terms of efficiency and innovation. However, this practice is fraught with risks related to software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Boyuan Li , Chengwei Liu , Lingling Fan , Sen Chen , Zhenlin Zhang , Zheli Liu

There is a multitude of licenses out there for a software developer to choose from, but a lot of programmers would prefer to not have to have a legal degree in order to understand them and would rather just have their code out in the public…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2014-02-12 Martin A. Coleman

Open Science aims to foster openness and collaboration in research, leading to more significant scientific and social impact. However, practicing Open Science comes with several challenges and is currently not properly rewarded. In this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Edson OliveiraJr , Fernanda Madeiral , Alcemir Rodrigues Santos , Christina von Flach , Sergio Soares

Historically, open source commitments have been deemed irrevocable once materials are released under open source licenses. In this paper, the authors argue for the creation of a subset of rights that allows open source contributors to force…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Paul Gagnon , Misha Benjamin , Justine Gauthier , Catherine Regis , Jenny Lee , Alexei Nordell-Markovits

Many in the Scientific Computing Software community believe that upfront requirements are impossible, or at least infeasible. This paper shows requirements are feasible with the following: i) an appropriate perspective ("faking" the final…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-06-20 Spencer Smith , Malavika Srinivasan , Sumanth Shankar

Astronomical software is now a fact of daily life for all hands-on members of our community. Purpose-built software for data reduction and modeling tasks becomes ever more critical as we handle larger amounts of data and simulations.…

Every open source project needs to decide on an open source license. This decision is of high economic relevance: Just which license is the best one to help the project grow and attract a community? The most common question is: Should the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2014-08-26 Gottfried Hoffmann , Dirk Riehle , Carsten Kolassa , Wolfgang Mauerer

This poster describes work on the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in open-source software. Although open-source software is commonly integrated into regulated software, and thus must be engineered or adapted for compliance, we do…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Lucas Franke , Huayu Liang , Aaron Brantly , James C Davis , Chris Brown

Software security has been an important research topic over the years. The community has proposed processes and tools for secure software development and security analysis. However, a significant number of vulnerabilities remains in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Steven Arzt , Linda Schreiber , Dominik Appelt

The development process of scientific applications is largely dependent on scientific progress and the experimental research results. Thus, dealing with frequent changes is one of the main problems faced by the developers of scientific…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-05-09 Bojana Koteska , Anastas Misev

With the growing reliance on artificial intelligence (AI) for many different applications, the sharing of code, data, and models is important to ensure the replicability and democratization of scientific knowledge. Many high-profile…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Danish Contractor , Daniel McDuff , Julia Haines , Jenny Lee , Christopher Hines , Brent Hecht , Nicholas Vincent , Hanlin Li

Developers usually select different open source licenses to restrain the conditions of using open source software, in order to protect intellectual property rights effectively and maintain the long-term development of the software. However,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-03 Xin Wu , Jian-Yu Wu , Ming-Hui Zhou , Zhi-Qiang Wang , Li-Yun Yang

As computer systems become more and more complex, software and tools lag more and more behind. This is especially true for scientific software that often demands high performance, and thus needs to take advantage of parallelisms, memory…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2013-09-11 Anne C. Elster
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