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Cross-chain bridges are used to facilitate token and data exchanges across blockchains. Although bridges are becoming increasingly popular, they are still in their infancy and have been attacked multiple times recently, causing significant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Mengya Zhang , Xiaokuan Zhang , Josh Barbee , Yinqian Zhang , Zhiqiang Lin

Cross-chain bridges are essential decentralized applications (DApps) to facilitate interoperability between different blockchain networks. Unlike regular DApps, the functionality of cross-chain bridges relies on the collaboration of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Jiajing Wu , Kaixin Lin , Dan Lin , Bozhao Zhang , Zhiying Wu , Jianzhong Su

Cross-chain bridges are solutions that enable interoperability between heterogeneous blockchains. In contrast to the underlying blockchains, the bridges often provide inferior security guarantees and have been targets of hacks causing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Jakob Svennevik Notland , Jinguye Li , Mariusz Nowostawski , Peter Halland Haro

Cross-chain bridges are a type of middleware for blockchain interoperability that supports the transfer of assets and data across blockchains. However, several of these bridges have vulnerabilities that have caused 3.2 billion dollars in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 André Augusto , Rafael Belchior , Jonas Pfannschmidt , André Vasconcelos , Miguel Correia

Cross-chain bridges play a vital role in enabling blockchain interoperability. However, due to the inherent design flaws and the enormous value they hold, they have become prime targets for hacker attacks. Existing detection methods show…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Dan Lin , Shunfeng Lu , Ziyan Liu , Jiajing Wu , Junyuan Fang , Kaixin Lin , Bowen Song , Zibin Zheng

With the increasing popularity of blockchain, different blockchain platforms coexist in the ecosystem (e.g., Ethereum, BNB, EOSIO, etc.), which prompts the high demand for cross-chain communication. Cross-chain bridge is a specific type of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Zeqin Liao , Yuhong Nan , Henglong Liang , Sicheng Hao , Juan Zhai , Jiajing Wu , Zibin Zheng

Blockchain technology has revolutionized industries by enabling secure and decentralized transactions. However, the isolated nature of blockchain ecosystems hinders the seamless transfer of digital assets across different chains.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Nikita Belenkov , Valerian Callens , Alexandr Murashkin , Kacper Bak , Martin Derka , Jan Gorzny , Sung-Shine Lee

The blockchain ecosystem has evolved into a multi-chain world with various blockchains vying for use. Although each blockchain may have its own native cryptocurrency or digital assets, there are use cases to transfer these assets between…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Sung-Shine Lee , Alexandr Murashkin , Martin Derka , Jan Gorzny

Blockchain bridges have become essential infrastructure for enabling interoperability across different blockchain networks, with more than $24B monthly bridge transaction volume. However, their growing adoption has been accompanied by a…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Poupak Azad , Jiahua Xu , Yebo Feng , Preston Strowbridge , Cuneyt Akcora

Modern blockchain ecosystems comprise many heterogeneous networks, creating a growing need for interoperability. Cross-chain bridges provide the core infrastructure for this interoperability by enabling verifiable state transitions that…

Performance · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Yiyue Cao , Mingzhe Zheng , Lin William Cong , Siguang Li , Xuechao Wang

As the Web3 ecosystem evolves toward a multi-chain architecture, cross-chain bridges have become critical infrastructure for enabling interoperability between diverse blockchain networks. However, while connecting isolated blockchains, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Hanzhong Liang , Yue Duan , Xing Su , Xiao Li , Yating Liu , Yulong Tian , Fengyuan Xu , Sheng Zhong

Between 2021 and 2023, crypto assets valued at over \$US2.6 billion were stolen via attacks on "bridges" -- decentralized services designed to allow inter-blockchain exchange. While the individual exploits in each attack vary, a single…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Enze Liu , Elisa Luo , Jian Chen Yan , Katherine Izhikevich , Stewart Grant , Deian Stefan , Geoffrey M Voelker , Stefan Savage

We consider the problem of being a cross-chain wealth management platform with deposits, redemptions and investment assets across multiple networks. We discuss the need for blockchain bridges to facilitates fund flows across platforms. We…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-11-21 Ravi Kashyap

Blockchains have seen growing traction with cryptocurrencies reaching a market cap of over 1 trillion dollars, major institution investors taking interests, and global impacts on governments, businesses, and individuals. Also growing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Tiancheng Xie , Jiaheng Zhang , Zerui Cheng , Fan Zhang , Yupeng Zhang , Yongzheng Jia , Dan Boneh , Dawn Song

There are different kinds of blockchains, which have been applied in various areas. Blockchains are relatively independent systems that are apt to form isolated data islands. Then cross-chain interaction is proposed to connect different…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Hong Su

Blockchain interoperability is a prominent research field which aims to build bridges between otherwise isolated blockchains. With advances in cryptography, novel protocols are published by academia and applied in different applications and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-01 Thomas Eizinger , Philipp Hoenisch , Lucas Soriano del Pino

Cross-chain interoperability is a core component of modern blockchain infrastructure, enabling seamless asset transfers and composable applications across multiple blockchain ecosystems. However, the transparency of cross-chain messages can…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Chuanlei Li , Zhicheng Sun , Jing Xin Yuu , Xuechao Wang

Research in blockchain systems has mainly focused on improving security and bridging the performance gaps between blockchains and databases. Despite many promising results, we observe a worrying trend that the blockchain landscape is…

Databases · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Tien Tuan Anh Dinh , Anwitaman Datta , Beng Chin Ooi

As the number of blockchain platforms continues to grow, the independence of these networks poses challenges for transferring assets and information across chains. Cross-chain bridge technology has emerged to address this issue,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Ziye Zheng , Jiajing Wu , Dan Lin , Quanzhong Li , Na Ruan

Blockchain is a growing decentralized system built for transparency and immutability. There have been several major attacks on blockchain-based systems, leaving a gap in the trustability of this system. This article presents a comprehensive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Joydip Das , Syed Ashraf Al Tasin , Md. Forhad Rabbi , Md Sadek Ferdous
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