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This paper addresses the challenging problem of retrieval and matching of graph structured objects, and makes two key contributions. First, we demonstrate how Graph Neural Networks (GNN), which have emerged as an effective model for various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-14 Yujia Li , Chenjie Gu , Thomas Dullien , Oriol Vinyals , Pushmeet Kohli

NP-complete problems should be hard on some instances but those may be extremely rare. On generic instances many such problems, especially related to random graphs, have been proven easy. We show the intractability of random instances of a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-10-25 Leonid A. Levin , Ramarathnam Venkatesan

Graph Neural Network (GNN) research has highlighted a relationship between high homophily (i.e., the tendency of nodes of the same class to connect) and strong predictive performance in node classification. However, recent work has found…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Donald Loveland , Jiong Zhu , Mark Heimann , Benjamin Fish , Michael T. Schaub , Danai Koutra

Graph heterophily, where connected nodes have different labels, has attracted significant interest recently. Most existing works adopt a simplified approach - using low-pass filters for homophilic graphs and high-pass filters for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Shuaicheng Zhang , Haohui Wang , Junhong Lin , Xiaojie Guo , Yada Zhu , Si Zhang , Dongqi Fu , Dawei Zhou

Graph-Convolution-based methods have been successfully applied to representation learning on homophily graphs where nodes with the same label or similar attributes tend to connect with one another. Due to the homophily assumption of Graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Di Jin , Rui Wang , Meng Ge , Dongxiao He , Xiang Li , Wei Lin , Weixiong Zhang

We study the approximation power of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) on latent position random graphs. In the large graph limit, GNNs are known to converge to certain "continuous" models known as c-GNNs, which directly enables a study of their…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-01 Nicolas Keriven , Alberto Bietti , Samuel Vaiter

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have led to state-of-the-art performance on a variety of machine learning tasks such as recommendation, node classification and link prediction. Graph neural network models generate node embeddings by merging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Yunpeng Weng , Xu Chen , Liang Chen , Wei Liu

In this paper, we study using graph neural networks (GNNs) for \textit{multi-node representation learning}, where a representation for a set of more than one node (such as a link) is to be learned. Existing GNNs are mainly designed to learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Xiyuan Wang , Pan Li , Muhan Zhang

Graphs are used widely to model complex systems, and detecting anomalies in a graph is an important task in the analysis of complex systems. Graph anomalies are patterns in a graph that do not conform to normal patterns expected of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Hwan Kim , Byung Suk Lee , Won-Yong Shin , Sungsu Lim

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) are a widely used method for graph representation learning. We investigate the power of GCNs, as a function of their number of layers, to distinguish between different random graph models on the basis of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-14 Abram Magner , Mayank Baranwal , Alfred O. Hero

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have demonstrated excellent performance in semi-supervised node classification tasks. Despite this, two primary challenges persist: heterogeneity and heterophily. Each of these two challenges can significantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Kangkang Lu , Yanhua Yu , Zhiyong Huang , Yunshan Ma , Xiao Wang , Meiyu Liang , Yuling Wang , Yimeng Ren , Tat-Seng Chua

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been highly successful for the node classification task. GNNs typically assume graphs are homophilic, i.e. neighboring nodes are likely to belong to the same class. However, a number of real-world graphs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Yurui Lai , Taiyan Zhang , Rui Fan

Graph Convolution Network (GCN) has attracted significant attention and become the most popular method for learning graph representations. In recent years, many efforts have been focused on integrating GCN into the recommender tasks and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Kang Liu , Feng Xue , Richang Hong

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been proved powerful in graph-oriented tasks. However, many real-world graphs are heterophilous, challenging the homophily assumption of classical GNNs. To solve the universality problem, many studies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Shengbo Gong , Jiajun Zhou , Chenxuan Xie , Qi Xuan

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are powerful models that can manage complex data sources and their interconnection links. One of GNNs' main drawbacks is their lack of interpretability, which limits their application in sensitive fields. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Salvatore Calderaro , Domenico Amato , Giosuè Lo Bosco , Riccardo Rizzo , Filippo Vella

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) have been widely applied in various fields due to their significant power on processing graph-structured data. Typical GCN and its variants work under a homophily assumption (i.e., nodes with same class…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Tao Wang , Rui Wang , Di Jin , Dongxiao He , Yuxiao Huang

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have gained traction over the past few years for their superior performance in numerous machine learning tasks. Graph Convolutional Neural Networks (GCN) are a common variant of GNNs that are known to have high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Sannat Singh Bhasin , Vaibhav Holani , Divij Sanjanwala

In this paper, we introduce group convolutional neural networks (GCNNs) equivariant to color variation. GCNNs have been designed for a variety of geometric transformations from 2D and 3D rotation groups, to semi-groups such as scale.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yulong Yang , Felix O'Mahony , Christine Allen-Blanchette

Graphs can model complicated interactions between entities, which naturally emerge in many important applications. These applications can often be cast into standard graph learning tasks, in which a crucial step is to learn low-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Xuexin Chen , Ruichu Cai , Yuan Fang , Min Wu , Zijian Li , Zhifeng Hao

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are the predominant approach for graph-based machine learning. While neural networks have shown great performance at learning useful representations, they are often criticized for their limited high-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Markus Zopf , Francesco Alesiani