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Mining clusters from data is an important endeavor in many applications. The $k$-means method is a popular, efficient, and distribution-free approach for clustering numerical-valued data, but does not apply for categorical-valued…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-24 Karin S. Dorman , Ranjan Maitra

We consider the problem of clustering in the learning-augmented setting, where we are given a data set in $d$-dimensional Euclidean space, and a label for each data point given by an oracle indicating what subsets of points should be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Thy Nguyen , Anamay Chaturvedi , Huy Lê Nguyen

Clustering is a basic task in data analysis and machine learning, and the optimization of clustering objectives are well-studied optimization problems; amongst these, the $k$-Means objective is arguably the most well known. Given a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Moses Charikar , Vincent Cohen-Addad , Ruiquan Gao , Fabrizio Grandoni , Euiwoong Lee , Ernest van Wijland

In this paper, we study clustering with respect to the k-modes objective function, a natural formulation of clustering for categorical data. One of the main contributions of this paper is to establish the connection between k-modes and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Zengyou He

The input to the $k$-median for lines problem is a set $L$ of $n$ lines in $\mathbb{R}^d$, and the goal is to compute a set of $k$ centers (points) in $\mathbb{R}^d$ that minimizes the sum of squared distances over every line in $L$ and its…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Yair Marom , Dan Feldman

In fully dynamic clustering problems, a clustering of a given data set in a metric space must be maintained while it is modified through insertions and deletions of individual points. In this paper, we resolve the complexity of fully…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-03-22 MohammadHossein Bateni , Hossein Esfandiari , Hendrik Fichtenberger , Monika Henzinger , Rajesh Jayaram , Vahab Mirrokni , Andreas Wiese

$k$-center is one of the most popular clustering models. While it admits a simple 2-approximation in polynomial time in general metrics, the Euclidean version is NP-hard to approximate within a factor of 1.93, even in the plane, if one…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Sayan Bandyapadhyay , Zachary Friggstad , Ramin Mousavi

We give a quantum approximation scheme (i.e., $(1 + \varepsilon)$-approximation for every $\varepsilon > 0$) for the classical $k$-means clustering problem in the QRAM model with a running time that has only polylogarithmic dependence on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-27 Ragesh Jaiswal

In a recent work, [19] studied the following "fair" variants of classical clustering problems such as $k$-means and $k$-median: given a set of $n$ data points in $\mathbb{R}^d$ and a binary type associated to each data point, the goal is to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-12-18 Lingxiao Huang , Shaofeng H. -C. Jiang , Nisheeth K. Vishnoi

We propose k^2-means, a new clustering method which efficiently copes with large numbers of clusters and achieves low energy solutions. k^2-means builds upon the standard k-means (Lloyd's algorithm) and combines a new strategy to accelerate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-05-31 Eirikur Agustsson , Radu Timofte , Luc Van Gool

Motivated by an application from geodesy, we introduce a novel clustering problem which is a $k$-center (or k-diameter) problem with a side constraint. For the side constraint, we are given an undirected connectivity graph $G$ on the input…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Lukas Drexler , Jan Eube , Kelin Luo , Dorian Reineccius , Heiko Röglin , Melanie Schmidt , Julian Wargalla

Given a stream of points in a metric space, is it possible to maintain a constant approximate clustering by changing the cluster centers only a small number of times during the entire execution of the algorithm? This question received…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-11-16 Hendrik Fichtenberger , Silvio Lattanzi , Ashkan Norouzi-Fard , Ola Svensson

Clustering is a fundamental problem in unsupervised machine learning with many applications in data analysis. Popular clustering algorithms such as Lloyd's algorithm and $k$-means++ can take $\Omega(ndk)$ time when clustering $n$ points in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Moses Charikar , Monika Henzinger , Lunjia Hu , Maxmilian Vötsch , Erik Waingarten

We study the fair variant of the classic $k$-median problem introduced by Chierichetti et al. [2017]. In the standard $k$-median problem, given an input pointset $P$, the goal is to find $k$ centers $C$ and assign each input point to one of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-06-12 Arturs Backurs , Piotr Indyk , Krzysztof Onak , Baruch Schieber , Ali Vakilian , Tal Wagner

This paper gives a k-means approximation algorithm that is efficient in the relational algorithms model. This is an algorithm that operates directly on a relational database without performing a join to convert it to a matrix whose rows…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Benjamin Moseley , Kirk Pruhs , Alireza Samadian , Yuyan Wang

Following recent advances in combining approximation algorithms with fixed-parameter tractability (FPT), we study FPT-time approximation algorithms for minimum-norm $k$-clustering problems, parameterized by the number $k$ of open…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Han Dai , Shi Li , Sijin Peng

In this work, we study pairwise fair clustering with $\ell \ge 2$ groups, where for every cluster $C$ and every group $i \in [\ell]$, the number of points in $C$ from group $i$ must be at most $t$ times the number of points in $C$ from any…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Sayan Bandyapadhyay , Eden Chlamtáč , Zachary Friggstad , Mahya Jamshidian , Yury Makarychev , Ali Vakilian

The connected $k$-median problem is a constrained clustering problem that combines distance-based $k$-clustering with connectivity information. The problem allows to input a metric space and an unweighted undirected connectivity graph that…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Jan Eube , Kelin Luo , Dorian Reineccius , Heiko Röglin , Melanie Schmidt

In the standard planar $k$-center clustering problem, one is given a set $P$ of $n$ points in the plane, and the goal is to select $k$ center points, so as to minimize the maximum distance over points in $P$ to their nearest center. Here we…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Hongyao Huang , Georgiy Klimenko , Benjamin Raichel

We present a $k$-means-based clustering algorithm, which optimizes the mean square error, for given cluster sizes. A straightforward application is balanced clustering, where the sizes of each cluster are equal. In the $k$-means assignment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Mikko I. Malinen , Pasi Fränti