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Recovering an unknown Hamiltonian from measurements is an increasingly important task for certification of noisy quantum devices and simulators. Recent works have succeeded in recovering the Hamiltonian of an isolated quantum system with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-24 Eyal Bairey , Itai Arad , Netanel H. Lindner

When estimating the eigenvalues of a given observable, even fault-tolerant quantum computers will be subject to errors, namely algorithmic errors. These stem from approximations in the algorithms implementing the unitary passed to phase…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-11 Adam Siegel , Kosuke Mitarai , Keisuke Fujii

Characterizing increasingly complex quantum systems is a central task in quantum information science, yet experimental costs often scale prohibitively with system size. Certifying key properties using simple local measurements is highly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Zhenyu Du , Jinchang Liu , Elias X. Huber , Zi-Wen Liu , Xiongfeng Ma

We present a classical algorithm for approximating the expectation values of observables in linear-optical circuits with arbitrary product input states, achieving additive-error accuracy. This result indicates that current applications of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-17 Youngrong Lim , Changhun Oh

Computer experiments are becoming increasingly important in scientific investigations. In the presence of uncertainty, analysts employ probabilistic sensitivity methods to identify the key-drivers of change in the quantities of interest.…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-02 Isadora Antoniano-Villalobos , Emanuele Borgonovo , Xuefei Lu

Current and near-term quantum hardware is constrained by limited qubit counts, circuit depth, and the high cost of repeated measurements. We address these challenges for solid state Hamiltonians by introducing a logarithmic-qubit encoding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Martin Plesch , Martin Friák , Ijaz Ahamed Mohammad

We present a hybrid classical/quantum algorithm for efficiently solving the eigenvalue problem of many-particle Hamiltonians on quantum computers with limited resources by splitting the workload between classical and quantum processors.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-01 John P. T. Stenger , Daniel Gunlycke , C. Stephen Hellberg

We develop a statistical model of microscopic stochastic deviation from classical mechanics based on a stochastic processes with a transition probability that is assumed to be given by an exponential distribution of infinitesimal stationary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-13 Agung Budiyono

We investigate the optimal estimation of quantum expectation value of a physical observable, which minimizes a mean error with respect to general measure of deviation, when a finite number of copies of a pure state are prepared. If pure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Minoru Horibe , Akihisa Hayashi , Takaaki Hashimoto

In the era of noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers, variational quantum algorithms are promising approaches for solving optimization tasks by training parameterized quantum circuits with the aid of classical routines informed by…

Decoherence of quantum hardware is currently limiting its practical applications. At the same time, classical algorithms for simulating quantum circuits have progressed substantially. Here, we demonstrate a hybrid framework that integrates…

The accurate and efficient energy estimation of quantum Hamiltonians consisting of Pauli observables is an essential task in modern quantum computing. We introduce a Resource-Optimized Grouping Shadow (ROGS) algorithm, which optimally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-09 Min Li , Mao Lin , Matthew J. S. Beach

Simulating the time-evolution of a Hamiltonian is one of the most promising applications of quantum computers. Multi-Product Formulas (MPFs) are well suited to replace standard product formulas since they scale better with respect to time…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-26 Almudena Carrera Vazquez , Daniel J. Egger , David Ochsner , Stefan Woerner

Quantum algorithms designed for realistic quantum many-body systems, such as chemistry and materials, usually require a large number of measurements of the Hamiltonian. Exploiting different ideas, such as {importance sampling,} observable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-18 Bujiao Wu , Jinzhao Sun , Qi Huang , Xiao Yuan

As quantum devices continue to grow in size but remain affected by noise, it is crucial to determine when and how they can outperform classical computers on practical tasks. A central piece in this effort is to develop the most efficient…

Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) are ubiquitous in statistical learning, particularly for unsupervised problems. While full GMMs suffer from the overparameterization of their covariance matrices in high-dimensional spaces, spherical GMMs…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-10 Tom Szwagier , Pierre-Alexandre Mattei , Charles Bouveyron , Xavier Pennec

Shadow estimation is an efficient method for predicting many observables of a quantum state with a statistical guarantee. In the multi-shot scenario, one performs projective measurement on the sequentially prepared state for $K$ times after…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-05 You Zhou , Qing Liu

Classical algorithms for predicting the equilibrium geometry of strongly correlated molecules require expensive wave function methods that become impractical already for few-atom systems. In this work, we introduce a variational quantum…

Photon loss is destructive to the performance of quantum photonic devices and therefore suppressing the effects of photon loss is paramount to photonic quantum technologies. We present two schemes to mitigate the effects of photon loss for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-05 Daiqin Su , Robert Israel , Kunal Sharma , Haoyu Qi , Ish Dhand , Kamil Brádler

Given copies of a quantum state $\rho$, a shadow tomography protocol aims to learn all expectation values from a fixed set of observables, to within a given precision $\epsilon$. We say that a shadow tomography protocol is triply efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-28 Robbie King , David Gosset , Robin Kothari , Ryan Babbush
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