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Given an infinite connected regular graph $G=(V,E)$, place at each vertex Pois($\lambda$) walkers performing independent lazy simple random walks on $G$ simultaneously. When two walkers visit the same vertex at the same time they are…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-06-25 Jonathan Hermon , Ben Morris , Chuan Qin , Allan Sly

A great variety of systems in nature, society and technology -- from the web of sexual contacts to the Internet, from the nervous system to power grids -- can be modeled as graphs of vertices coupled by edges. The network structure,…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2012-10-10 Petter Holme , Jari Saramäki

The betweenness centrality of a graph vertex measures how often this vertex is visited on shortest paths between other vertices of the graph. In the analysis of many real-world graphs or networks, betweenness centrality of a vertex is used…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Sebastian Buß , Hendrik Molter , Rolf Niedermeier , Maciej Rymar

A graph G is c-closed if every two vertices with at least c common neighbors are adjacent to each other. Introduced by Fox, Roughgarden, Seshadhri, Wei and Wein [ICALP 2018, SICOMP 2020], this definition is an abstraction of the triadic…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Tom Davot , Jessica Enright , Jayakrishnan Madathil , Kitty Meeks

Computing a (short) path between two vertices is one of the most fundamental primitives in graph algorithmics. In recent years, the study of paths in temporal graphs, that is, graphs where the vertex set is fixed but the edge set changes…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Arnaud Casteigts , Anne-Sophie Himmel , Hendrik Molter , Philipp Zschoche

Temporal graphs provide a useful model for many real-world networks. Unfortunately the majority of algorithmic problems we might consider on such graphs are intractable. There has been recent progress in defining structural parameters which…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Jessica Enright , Samuel D. Hand , Laura Larios-Jones , Kitty Meeks

A temporal graph is a graph whose edges are available only at certain points in time. It is temporally connected if the nodes can reach each other by paths that traverse the edges chronologically (temporal paths). In general, temporal…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Daniele Carnevale , Arnaud Casteigts , Timothée Corsini

Temporal graphs (in which edges are active at specified times) are of particular relevance for spreading processes on graphs, e.g.~the spread of disease or dissemination of information. Motivated by real-world applications, modification of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Jessica Enright , Kitty Meeks , Fiona Skerman

An important characteristic of temporal graphs is how the directed arrow of time influences their causal topology, i.e., which nodes can possibly influence each other causally via time-respecting paths. The resulting patterns are often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Franziska Heeg , Jonas Sauer , Petra Mutzel , Ingo Scholtes

In this work, we follow the current trend on temporal graph realization, where one is given a property P and the goal is to determine whether there is a temporal graph, that is, a graph where the edge set changes over time, with property P…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Justine Cauvi , Nils Morawietz , Laurent Viennot

Let $G$ be a simple connected graph. If every pendant path in $G$ is at least $P_s$, we denote that $G\in \mathbb{G}_s$. For $G \in \mathbb{G}_s$, let $Q_s(G)$ be the set of vertices in $G$ that are distance $s$ from the pendant vertex, and…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2024-12-10 Songnian Xu , Wenhao Zhen , Dein Wong

Many real-world networks, such as transportation or trade networks, are dynamic in the sense that the edge set may change over time, but these changes are known in advance. This behavior is captured by the temporal graphs model, which has…

A \emph{random temporal graph} is an Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graph $G(n,p)$, together with a random ordering of its edges. A path in the graph is called \emph{increasing} if the edges on the path appear in increasing order. A set $S$ of…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-09-17 Caelan Atamanchuk , Luc Devroye , Gabor Lugosi

A \emph{resolving set} $R$ in a graph $G$ is a set of vertices such that every vertex of $G$ is uniquely identified by its distances to the vertices of $R$. Introduced in the 1970s, this concept has been since then extensively studied from…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-05 Jan Bok , Antoine Dailly , Tuomo Lehtilä

Most instruments - formalisms, concepts, and metrics - for social networks analysis fail to capture their dynamics. Typical systems exhibit different scales of dynamics, ranging from the fine-grain dynamics of interactions (which recently…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2011-02-04 Nicola Santoro , Walter Quattrociocchi , Paola Flocchini , Arnaud Casteigts , Frederic Amblard

A temporal graph is a graph for which the edge set can change from one time step to the next. This paper considers undirected temporal graphs defined over L time steps and connected at each time step. We study the Shortest Temporal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-10 Stefan Balev , Éric Sanlaville , Antoine Toullalan

Temporal graphs arise when modeling interactions that evolve over time. They usually come in several flavors, depending on the number of parameters used to describe the temporal aspects of the interactions: time of appearance, duration,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Guillaume Aubian , Filippo Brunelli , Feodor F Dragan , Guillaume Ducoffe , Michel Habib , Allen Ibiapina , Laurent Viennot

In a temporal network with discrete time-labels on its edges, entities and information can only ``flow'' along sequences of edges whose time-labels are non-decreasing (resp. increasing), i.e. along temporal (resp. strict temporal) paths.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-01-29 George B. Mertzios , Hendrik Molter , Malte Renken , Paul G. Spirakis , Philipp Zschoche

We address the problem of testing whether a given dynamic graph is temporally connected, {\it i.e} a temporal path (also called a {\em journey}) exists between all pairs of vertices. We consider a discrete version of the problem, where the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-08-06 Matthieu Barjon , Arnaud Casteigts , Serge Chaumette , Colette Johnen , Yessin M. Neggaz

Temporal graphs represent graph evolution over time, and have been receiving considerable research attention. Work on expressing temporal graph patterns or discovering temporal motifs typically assumes relatively simple temporal…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Amir Pouya Aghasadeghi , Jan Van den Bussche , Julia Stoyanovich