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In this essay, I argue that explicit ethical machines, whose moral principles are inferred through a bottom-up approach, are unable to replicate human-like moral reasoning and cannot be considered moral agents. By utilizing Alan Turing's…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Massimo Passamonti

Use of artificial intelligence (AI) in human contexts calls for ethical considerations for the design and development of AI-based systems. However, little knowledge currently exists on how to provide useful and tangible tools that could…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-01-23 Ville Vakkuri , Kai-Kristian Kemell , Pekka Abrahamsson

This paper explores the development of an ethical guardrail framework for AI systems, emphasizing the importance of customizable guardrails that align with diverse user values and underlying ethics. We address the challenges of AI ethics by…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Kristina Šekrst , Jeremy McHugh , Jonathan Rodriguez Cefalu

Concerns over the risks associated with advances in Artificial Intelligence have prompted calls for greater efforts toward robust and beneficial AI, including machine ethics. Recently, roboticists have responded by initiating the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2016-06-09 Dieter Vanderelst , Alan Winfield

This paper argues that Machine Learning (ML) algorithms must be educated. ML-trained algorithms moral decisions are ubiquitous in human society. Sometimes reverting the societal advances governments, NGOs and civil society have achieved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Susana Perez Blazquez , Inas Hipolito

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems exert a growing influence on society, real-life incidents begin to underline the importance of AI Ethics. Though calls for more ethical AI systems have been voiced by scholars and the general public…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-04-22 Ville Vakkuri , Kai-Kristian Kemell

The rapid expansion of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in digital platforms used by youth has created significant challenges related to privacy, autonomy, and data protection. While AI-driven personalization offers enhanced user experiences,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Austin Shouli , Ankur Barthwal , Molly Campbell , Ajay Kumar Shrestha

Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology epitomizes the complex challenges posed by human-made artifacts, particularly those widely integrated into society and exerting significant influence, highlighting potential benefits and their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Michael Papademas , Xenia Ziouvelou , Antonis Troumpoukis , Vangelis Karkaletsis

The goal of Artificial Intelligence based systems is to take decisions that have an effect in their environment and impact society. This points out to the necessity of mechanism that regulate the impact of this type of system in society.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-02-14 Sofía Trejo , Ivan Meza , Fernanda López-Escobedo

AI-based systems can increasingly perform work tasks autonomously. In safety-critical tasks, human oversight of these systems is required to mitigate risks and to ensure responsibility in case something goes wrong. Since people often…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Cedric Faas , Richard Uth , Sarah Sterz , Markus Langer , Anna Maria Feit

In recent years, much research has been dedicated to uncovering the environmental impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI), showing that training and deploying AI systems require large amounts of energy and resources, and the outcomes of AI…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Nynke van Uffelen , Lode Lauwaert , Mark Coeckelbergh , Olya Kudina

We show how to assess a language model's knowledge of basic concepts of morality. We introduce the ETHICS dataset, a new benchmark that spans concepts in justice, well-being, duties, virtues, and commonsense morality. Models predict…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Dan Hendrycks , Collin Burns , Steven Basart , Andrew Critch , Jerry Li , Dawn Song , Jacob Steinhardt

The rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) will bring with it an ever-increasing willingness to cede decision-making to machines. But rather than just giving machines the power to make decisions that affect us, we need ways to work…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Elisa Bertino , Finale Doshi-Velez , Maria Gini , Daniel Lopresti , David Parkes

Nowadays technology is being adopted on every aspect of our lives and it is one of most important transformation driver in industry. Moreover, many of the systems and digital services that we use daily rely on artificial intelligent…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Esteban García-Cuesta

Computing systems are tightly integrated today into our professional, social, and private lives. An important consequence of this growing ubiquity of computing is that it can have significant ethical implications of which computing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-12-26 Sudeep Pasricha , Marilyn Wolf

Ethics is sometimes considered to be too abstract to be meaningfully implemented in artificial intelligence (AI). In this paper, we reflect on other aspects of computing that were previously considered to be very abstract. Yet, these are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Vivek Nallur , Martin Lloyd , Siani Pearson

This paper presents a theoretical framework for the AI ethical resonance hypothesis, which proposes that advanced AI systems with purposefully designed cognitive structures ("ethical resonators") may emerge with the ability to identify…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Tomasz Zgliczyński-Cuber

In recent years, we have witnessed a marked development and growth in Artificial Intelligence. The growth of the data volume generated by sensors and machines, combined with the information flow resulting from the user actions on the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Martim Veiga , Carlos J. Costa

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly advancing in healthcare, enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of services across various specialties, including cardiology, ophthalmology, dermatology, emergency medicine, etc. AI applications…

In this report, we argue that there is a realistic possibility that some AI systems will be conscious and/or robustly agentic in the near future. That means that the prospect of AI welfare and moral patienthood, i.e. of AI systems with…