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Some historical and more recent printed documents have been scanned or stored at very low resolutions, such as 60 dpi. Though such scans are relatively easy for humans to read, they still present significant challenges for optical character…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Julian D. Gilbey , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb

In a world of digitization, optical character recognition holds the automation to written history. Optical character recognition system basically converts printed images into editable texts for better storage and usability. To be completely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-06 Abu Saleh Md. Abir , Sanjana Rahman , Samia Ellin , Maisha Farzana , Md Hridoy Manik , Chowdhury Rafeed Rahman

We introduce a novel sub-character architecture that exploits a unique compositional structure of the Korean language. Our method decomposes each character into a small set of primitive phonetic units called jamo letters from which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-24 Karl Stratos

The use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) has accelerated the progress of handwritten character classification/recognition. Handwritten character recognition (HCR) has found applications in various domains, such as traffic signal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-26 F. A. Mamun , S. A. H. Chowdhury , J. E. Giti , H. Sarker

The biggest challenge in the field of image processing is to recognize documents both in printed and handwritten format. Optical Character Recognition OCR is a type of document image analysis where scanned digital image that contains either…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-12-05 Singh Vijendra , Nisha Vasudeva , Hem Jyotsana Parashar

Segmentation of a text-document into lines, words and characters, which is considered to be the crucial pre-processing stage in Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is traditionally carried out on uncompressed documents, although most of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-04-01 Mohammed Javed , P. Nagabhushan , B. B. Chaudhuri

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) has many real world applications. The existing methods normally detect where the characters are, and then recognize the character for each detected location. Thus the accuracy of characters recognition is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Baohua Sun , Michael Lin , Hao Sha , Lin Yang

We introduce a morpheme-aware subword tokenization method that utilizes sub-character decomposition to address the challenges of applying Byte Pair Encoding (BPE) to Korean, a language characterized by its rich morphology and unique writing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Taehee Jeon , Bongseok Yang , Changhwan Kim , Yoonseob Lim

Different from the writing systems of many Romance and Germanic languages, some languages or language families show complex conjunct forms in character composition. For such cases where the conjuncts consist of the components representing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-20 Won Ik Cho , Seok Min Kim , Nam Soo Kim

Optical character recognition (OCR) is a process of converting analogue documents into digital using document images. Currently, many commercial and non-commercial OCR systems exist for both handwritten and printed copies for different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Farisa Benta Safir , Abu Quwsar Ohi , M. F. Mridha , Muhammad Mostafa Monowar , Md. Abdul Hamid

This paper presents our methodology and findings from three tasks across Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and Document Layout Analysis using advanced deep learning techniques. First, for the historical Hebrew fragments of the Dead Sea…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Hylke Westerdijk , Ben Blankenborg , Khondoker Ittehadul Islam

Vision Large Language Models (VLLMs) have achieved remarkable success in modern text-rich visual understanding. However, their perceptual robustness in the face of the continuous morphological evolution of historical writing systems remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Gengluo Li , Shangpin Peng , Xingyu Wan , Chengquan Zhang , Hao Feng , Xin Xu , Pian Wu , Bang Li , Zengmao Ding , Yongge Liu , Yipei Ye , Yang Yang , Zhan Shu , Guojun Yan , Zhe Li , Can Ma , Weiping Wang , Yu Zhou , Han Hu

Oracle character recognition-an analysis of ancient Chinese inscriptions found on oracle bones-has become a pivotal field intersecting archaeology, paleography, and historical cultural studies. Traditional methods of oracle character…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Jing Li , Xueke Chi , Qiufeng Wang , Dahan Wang , Kaizhu Huang , Yongge Liu , Cheng-lin Liu

Optical character recognition (OCR) is a vital process that involves the extraction of handwritten or printed text from scanned or printed images, converting it into a format that can be understood and processed by machines. This enables…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Mahmoud SalahEldin Kasem , Mohamed Mahmoud , Hyun-Soo Kang

Character recognition is the fundamental part of an optical character recognition (OCR) system. Word recognition, sentence transcription, document digitization, and language processing are some of the higher-order activities that can be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Mirza Raquib , Asif Pervez Polok , Kedar Nath Biswas , Farida Siddiqi Prity , Saydul Akbar Murad , Nick Rahimi

We investigate how to train a high quality optical character recognition (OCR) model for difficult historical typefaces on degraded paper. Through extensive grid searches, we obtain a neural network architecture and a set of optimal data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-07 Bernhard Liebl , Manuel Burghardt

Just like its remarkable achievements in many computer vision tasks, the convolutional neural networks (CNN) provide an end-to-end solution in handwritten Chinese character recognition (HCCR) with great success. However, the process of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-16 Zhiyuan Li , Min Jin , Qi Wu , Huaxiang Lu

Previous works indicate that the glyph of Chinese characters contains rich semantic information and has the potential to enhance the representation of Chinese characters. The typical method to utilize the glyph features is by incorporating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Yunxin Li , Yu Zhao , Baotian Hu , Qingcai Chen , Yang Xiang , Xiaolong Wang , Yuxin Ding , Lin Ma

Optical character recognition (OCR) is a widely used pattern recognition application in numerous domains. There are several feature-rich, general-purpose OCR solutions available for consumers, which can provide moderate to excellent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Ayantha Randika , Nilanjan Ray , Xiao Xiao , Allegra Latimer

Conventional optical character recognition (OCR) techniques segmented each character and then recognized. This made them prone to error in character segmentation, and devoid of context to exploit language models. Advances in sequence to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Shashank Vempati , Nishit Anand , Gaurav Talebailkar , Arpan Garai , Chetan Arora