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Although many fairness criteria have been proposed to ensure that machine learning algorithms do not exhibit or amplify our existing social biases, these algorithms are trained on datasets that can themselves be statistically biased. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Yiqiao Liao , Parinaz Naghizadeh

Deepfakes are computationally-created entities that falsely represent reality. They can take image, video, and audio modalities, and pose a threat to many areas of systems and societies, comprising a topic of interest to various aspects of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Sergi D. Bray , Shane D. Johnson , Bennett Kleinberg

Demographic biases in source datasets have been shown as one of the causes of unfairness and discrimination in the predictions of Machine Learning models. One of the most prominent types of demographic bias are statistical imbalances in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Iris Dominguez-Catena , Daniel Paternain , Mikel Galar

Surveillance systems play a critical role in security and reconnaissance, but their performance is often compromised by low-quality images and videos, leading to reduced accuracy in face recognition. Additionally, existing AI-based facial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Anees Nashath Shaik , Barbara Villarini , Vasileios Argyriou

We propose an experimental method for measuring bias in face recognition systems. Existing methods to measure bias depend on benchmark datasets that are collected in the wild and annotated for protected (e.g., race, gender) and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Hao Liang , Pietro Perona , Guha Balakrishnan

The rapid advancement of deepfake technology poses a significant threat to digital media integrity. Deepfakes, synthetic media created using AI, can convincingly alter videos and audio to misrepresent reality. This creates risks of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Kashish Gandhi , Prutha Kulkarni , Taran Shah , Piyush Chaudhari , Meera Narvekar , Kranti Ghag

Face recognition (FR) systems have a growing effect on critical decision-making processes. Recent works have shown that FR solutions show strong performance differences based on the user's demographics. However, to enable a trustworthy FR…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Philipp Terhörst , Jan Niklas Kolf , Marco Huber , Florian Kirchbuchner , Naser Damer , Aythami Morales , Julian Fierrez , Arjan Kuijper

Deepfake is a deep learning-based technique that makes it easy to change or modify images and videos. In investigations and court, visual evidence is commonly employed, but these pieces of evidence may now be suspect due to technological…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Kundan Patil , Shrushti Kale , Jaivanti Dhokey , Abhishek Gulhane

Following the recent initiatives for the democratization of AI, deep fake generators have become increasingly popular and accessible, causing dystopian scenarios towards social erosion of trust. A particular domain, such as biological…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Ilke Demir , Umur A. Ciftci

Despite the growing reliance on fairness benchmarks to evaluate language models, the datasets that underpin these benchmarks remain critically underexamined. This survey addresses that overlooked foundation by offering a comprehensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Jiale Zhang , Zichong Wang , Avash Palikhe , Zhipeng Yin , Wenbin Zhang

Synthetic data is emerging as a substitute for authentic data to solve ethical and legal challenges in handling authentic face data. The current models can create real-looking face images of people who do not exist. However, it is a known…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Marco Huber , Anh Thi Luu , Fadi Boutros , Arjan Kuijper , Naser Damer

Recent progress in face detection (including keypoint detection), and recognition is mainly being driven by (i) deeper convolutional neural network architectures, and (ii) larger datasets. However, most of the large datasets are maintained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-05-23 Ankan Bansal , Anirudh Nanduri , Carlos Castillo , Rajeev Ranjan , Rama Chellappa

Deep learning-based methods have pushed the limits of the state-of-the-art in face analysis. However, despite their success, these models have raised concerns regarding their bias towards certain demographics. This bias is inflicted both by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-10 Markos Georgopoulos , Yannis Panagakis , Maja Pantic

Face recognition applications have grown in parallel with the size of datasets, complexity of deep learning models and computational power. However, while deep learning models evolve to become more capable and computational power keeps…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Pedro C. Neto , Rafael M. Mamede , Carolina Albuquerque , Tiago Gonçalves , Ana F. Sequeira

: Deep learning methodologies have been used to create applications that can cause threats to privacy, democracy and national security and could be used to further amplify malicious activities. One of those deep learning-powered…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-31 M. Shamanth , Russel Mathias , Dr Vijayalakshmi MN

Face recognition and verification are two computer vision tasks whose performance has progressed with the introduction of deep representations. However, ethical, legal, and technical challenges due to the sensitive character of face data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Alexandre Fournier-Montgieux , Michael Soumm , Adrian Popescu , Bertrand Luvison , Hervé Le Borgne

In recent years, the abuse of a face swap technique called deepfake has raised enormous public concerns. So far, a large number of deepfake videos (known as "deepfakes") have been crafted and uploaded to the internet, calling for effective…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Bojia Zi , Minghao Chang , Jingjing Chen , Xingjun Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang

In today's digital landscape, journalists urgently require tools to verify the authenticity of facial images and videos depicting specific public figures before incorporating them into news stories. Existing deepfake detectors are not…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-08 Mushfiqur Rahman , Runze Liu , Chau-Wai Wong , Huaiyu Dai

As AI becomes prevalent in high-risk domains and decision-making, it is essential to test for potential harms and biases. This urgency is reflected by the global emergence of AI regulations that emphasise fairness and adequate testing, with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Varsha Ramineni , Hossein A. Rahmani , Emine Yilmaz , David Barber

We introduce FakeParts, a new class of deepfakes characterized by subtle, localized manipulations to specific spatial regions or temporal segments of otherwise authentic videos. Unlike fully synthetic content, these partial manipulations -…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Ziyi Liu , Firas Gabetni , Awais Hussain Sani , Xi Wang , Soobash Daiboo , Gaetan Brison , Gianni Franchi , Vicky Kalogeiton