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Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) is the development trend of future wireless communications. However, the extremely large-scale antenna array could bring inevitable nearfield and dual-wideband effects that…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Jie Xu , Li You , George C. Alexandropoulos , Xinping Yi , Wenjin Wang , Xiqi Gao

In this paper, we propose to employ a modular-based movable extremely large-scale array (XL-array) at Alice for enhancing covert communication performance. Compared with existing work that mostly considered either far-field or near-field…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-12 Chao Zhou , Changsheng You , Cong Zhou , Hai Lin , Yi Gong

Extremely large-scale multiple-input-multiple-output (XL-MIMO), which offers vast spatial degrees of freedom, has emerged as a potentially pivotal enabling technology for the sixth generation (6G) of wireless mobile networks. With its…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Zhe Wang , Jiayi Zhang , Hongyang Du , Dusit Niyato , Shuguang Cui , Bo Ai , Mérouane Debbah , Khaled B. Letaief , H. Vincent Poor

Dynamic metasurface antennas (DMAs) represent a novel transceiver array architecture for extremely large-scale (XL) communications, offering the advantages of reduced power consumption and lower hardware costs compared to conventional…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-09 Songjie Yang , Wanting Lyu , Boyu Ning , Yue Xiu , Youzhi Xiong , Hua Chen , Chadi Assi , Chau Yuen

Movable antenna (MA) has been recognized as a promising technology to improve communication performance in future wireless networks such as 6G. To unleash its potential, this paper proposes a novel architecture, namely extremely large-scale…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Min Fu , Lipeng Zhu , Rui Zhang

This paper presents key performance metrics for near-field communication and sensing systems and their scaling behavior as a function of the antenna array aperture. Analytical expressions are derived for several standard array geometries to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-09 Marcin Wachowiak , André Bourdoux , Sofie Pollin

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multipleoutput (XL-MIMO) is believed to be a cornerstone of sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks. XL-MIMO uses more antennas to both achieve unprecedented spatial degrees of freedom (DoFs) and exploit…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-16 Hao Lei , Jiayi Zhang , Zhe Wang , Huahua Xiao , Bo Ai , Emil Björnson

Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) is an important index for wireless communications. In CDMA systems, spreading sequences are utilized. This series of papers show the method to derive spreading sequences as the solutions of the non-linear…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-12-28 Hirofumi Tsuda , Ken Umeno

This work considers the three-dimensional (3-D) positioning problem in a Terahertz (THz) system enabled by a modular extra-large (XL) array with sub-connected architecture. Our purpose is to estimate the Cartesian Coordinates of multiple…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-21 Yang Zhang , Ruidong Li , Cunhua Pan , Hong Ren , Tuo Wu , Changhong Wang

Extremely large-scale antenna array (ELAA) is promising as one of the key ingredients for the sixth generation (6G) of wireless communications. The electromagnetic propagation of spherical wavefronts introduces an additional…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Xu Shi , Xuehan Wang , Jingbo Tan , Jintao Wang

Next generation cellular deployments are expected to exploit the 6-24 GHz frequency range 3 (FR3) and extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) to enable ultra-high data rates and reliability. However, the significantly…

In pursuit of enhanced quality of service and higher transmission rates, communication within the mid-band spectrum, such as bands in the 6-15 GHz range, combined with extra large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO), is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Jiachen Tian , Yu Han , Xiao Li , Shi Jin , Chao-Kai Wen

In the evolving landscape of sixth-generation (6G) mobile communication, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems are incorporating an unprecedented number of antenna elements, advancing towards Extremely large-scale…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-30 Yuan Gao , Xinyu Guo , Han Li , Jianbo Du , Shugong Xu

In the sixth-generation (6G), the extremely large-scale multiple-input-multiple-output (XL-MIMO) is considered a promising enabling technology. With the further expansion of array element number and frequency bands, near-field effects will…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Haiyang Miao , Jianhua Zhang , Pan Tang , Lei Tian , Weirang Zuo , Qi Wei , Guangyi Liu

Extremely large-scale array (XL-array) has emerged as a promising technology to enable near-field communications for achieving enhanced spectrum efficiency and spatial resolution, by drastically increasing the number of antennas. However,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Cong Zhou , Changsheng You , Haodong Zhang , Li Chen , Shuo Shi

The use of high-frequency bands, combined with antenna arrays containing an extremely large number of elements (XL-MIMO), is pushing current technology to its limits in terms of hardware complexity, latency, and power consumption. A…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-05 Mattia Fabiani , Giulia Torcolacci , Davide Dardari

In this paper, we consider an extremely large-scale massive multiple-input-multiple-output (XL-MIMO) system. As the scale of antenna arrays increases, the range of near-field communications also expands. In this case, the signals no longer…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-24 Zhangjie Peng , Ruijing Liu , Zhaotian Li , Cunhua Pan , Jiangzhou Wang

This paper investigates how near-field beamfocusing can be achieved using a modular linear array (MLA), composed of multiple widely spaced uniform linear arrays (ULAs). The MLA architecture extends the aperture length of a standard ULA…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-09 Alva Kosasih , Özlem Tuğfe Demir , Emil Björnson

This paper focuses on new communication paradigms arising in massive multiple-input-multiple-output systems where the antenna array at the base station is of extremely large dimension (xMaMIMO). Due to the extreme dimension of the array,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-10-05 Abolfazl Amiri , Marko Angjelichinoski , Elisabeth de Carvalho , Robert W. Heath

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) is regarded as one of the key techniques to enhance the performance of future wireless communications. Different from regular MIMO, the XL-MIMO shifts part of the communication…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Kangjian Chen , Chenhao Qi , Jingjia Huang , Octavia A. Dobre , Geoffrey Ye Li