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Related papers: Adaptive syndrome measurements for Shor-style erro…

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Hook errors are a major challenge in implementing logical operations with the surface code, because they can reduce the fault distance below the code distance. This motivates syndrome-extraction circuits that suppress hook-error effects for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Yuga Hirai , Shota Ikari , Yosuke Ueno , Yasunari Suzuki

In realistic stabiliser-based quantum error correction there are many ways in which real physical systems deviate from simple toy models of error. Stabiliser measurements may not always be deterministic or may suffer from erasure errors,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-24 João F. Doriguello

The high overhead of fault-tolerant measurement sequences (FTMSs) poses a major challenge for implementing quantum stabilizer codes. Here, we address this problem by constructing efficient FTMSs for the class of quantum Hamming codes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-16 Sha Shi , Xiao-Yang Xu , Min-Quan Cheng , Dong-Sheng Wang , Yun-Jiang Wang

Quantum error correction (QEC) is an essential step towards realising scalable quantum computers. Theoretically, it is possible to achieve arbitrarily long protection of quantum information from corruption due to decoherence or imperfect…

Flag qubits have recently been proposed in syndrome extraction circuits to detect high-weight errors arising from fewer faults. The use of flag qubits allows the construction of fault-tolerant protocols with the fewest number of ancillas…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-27 Theerapat Tansuwannont , Christopher Chamberland , Debbie Leung

The states needed in a quantum computation are extremely affected by decoherence. Several methods have been proposed to control error spreading. They use two main tools: fault-tolerant constructions and concatenated quantum error correcting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Pedro J. Salas , Angel L. Sanz

Decoding stabilizer codes such as the surface and toric codes involves evaluating free-energy differences in a disordered statistical mechanics model, in which the randomness comes from the observed pattern of error syndromes. We study the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-20 Hongkun Chen , Daohong Xu , Grace M. Sommers , David A. Huse , Jeff D. Thompson , Sarang Gopalakrishnan

Stabilizer states are extensively studied in quantum information theory for their structures based on the Pauli group. Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) stabilizer states are of particular importance in their application to fault-tolerant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-05 Ching-Yi Lai , Yi-Cong Zheng , Todd A. Brun

Fast, reliable logical operations are essential for realizing useful quantum computers. By redundantly encoding logical qubits into many physical qubits and using syndrome measurements to detect and correct errors, one can achieve low…

Typical circuit implementations of Shor's algorithm involve controlled rotation gates of magnitude $\pi/2^{2L}$ where $L$ is the binary length of the integer N to be factored. Such gates cannot be implemented exactly using existing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Austin G. Fowler , Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg

The reliability of quantum computation critically depends on the performance of quantum error-correcting codes (QECCs). Performance of QECCs can be severely degraded by hook errors, which effectively reduce the code distance. In this work,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Harsh Gupta , Mainak Bhattacharyya , Ritik Jain , Ankur Raina

Fault-tolerant syndrome extraction is a key ingredient in implementing fault-tolerant quantum computations. While conventional methods use a number of extra qubits linear in the weight of the syndrome, several improvements have been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-22 Benjamin Anker , Milad Marvian

Recently, a class of fractal surface codes (FSCs), has been constructed on fractal lattices with Hausdorff dimension $2+\epsilon$, which admits a fault-tolerant non-Clifford CCZ gate. We investigate the performance of such FSCs as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-27 Arpit Dua , Tomas Jochym-O'Connor , Guanyu Zhu

The ability to physically move qubits within a register allows the design of hardware-specific error-correction codes, which can achieve fault-tolerance while respecting other constraints. In particular, recent advancements have…

Quantum error correction typically requires repeated syndrome extraction due to measurement noise, which results in substantial time overhead in fault-tolerant computation. Single-shot error correction aims to suppress errors using only one…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-26 Yingjia Lin , Abhinav Anand , Kenneth R. Brown

The theory of stabilizer quantum error correction allows us to actively stabilize quantum states and simulate ideal quantum operations in a noisy environment. It is critical is to correctly diagnose noise from its syndrome and nullify it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-03 Yuichiro Fujiwara

Quantum error-correcting codes are a vital technology for demonstrating reliable quantum computation. They require data qubits for encoding quantum information and ancillary qubits for taking error syndromes necessary for error correction.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-12 Shintaro Sato , Yasunari Suzuki

Quantum error correction and quantum error detection necessitate syndrome measurements to detect errors. Performing syndrome measurements for each stabilizer generator can be a significant overhead, considering the fact that the readout…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-31 Kento Tsubouchi , Yasunari Suzuki , Yuuki Tokunaga , Nobuyuki Yoshioka , Suguru Endo

Quantum error correction (QEC) is an essential concept for any quantum information processing device. Typically, QEC is designed with minimal assumptions about the noise process; this generic assumption exacts a high cost in efficiency and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-06-26 Andrew S. Fletcher

Quantum computers face significant challenges from quantum deviations or coherent noise, particularly during gate operations, which pose a complex threat to the efficacy of quantum error correction (QEC) protocols. In this study, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-11 Yuanchen Zhao , Dong E. Liu