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Because FPGAs outperform traditional processing cores like CPUs and GPUs in terms of performance per watt and flexibility, they are being used more and more in cloud and data center applications. There are growing worries about the security…

We develop an information-theoretic analysis of Quantum-Memory-Free (QMF) Quantum Secure Direct Communication (QSDC) under collective attacks as an alternative to the use of a conventional Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol in…

Passwords have been long used as the primary authentication method for web services. Weak passwords used by the users have prompted the use of password management tools and two-factor authentication to ensure better account security. While…

To protect user privacy and meet law regulations, federated (machine) learning is obtaining vast interests in recent years. The key principle of federated learning is training a machine learning model without needing to know each user's…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) and quantum message encryption protocols promise a secure way to distribute information while detecting eavesdropping. However, current protocols may suffer from significantly reduced eavesdropping protection…

This paper addresses the problem of planning under uncertainty in large Markov Decision Processes (MDPs). Factored MDPs represent a complex state space using state variables and the transition model using a dynamic Bayesian network. This…

Fountain codes are erasure correcting codes realizing reliable communication systems for the multicast on the Internet. The zigzag decodable fountain (ZDF) code is one of generalization of the Raptor code, i.e, applying shift operation to…

Quantum cryptography has attracted much attention in recent years. In most existing quantum cryptographic protocols, players usually need the full quantum power of generating, manipulating or measuring quantum states. Semiquantum…

Some protected password change protocols were proposed. However, the previous protocols were easily vulnerable to several attacks such as denial of service, password guessing, stolen-verifier and impersonation atacks etc. Recently, Chang et…

Password authentication is a weak point for security as passwords are easily stolen and a user may ignore the security by using a simple password. Therefore, services increasingly demand a second factor. While this may enhance security, it…

Nowadays, due to the growing phenomenon of forgery in many fields, the interest in developing new anti-counterfeiting device and cryptography keys, based on the Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) paradigm, is widely increased. PUFs are…

In an era of information overload, manually annotating the vast and growing corpus of documents and scholarly papers is increasingly impractical. Automated keyphrase extraction addresses this challenge by identifying representative terms…

Twin-field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD) has emerged as a promising solution for practical quantum communication over long-haul fiber. However, previous demonstrations on TF-QKD require the phase locking technique to coherently control…

Although it is common for users to select bad passwords that can be easily cracked by attackers, password-based authentication remains the most widely-used method. To encourage users to select good passwords, enterprises often enforce…

The fast Fourier transform (FFT) is one of the most successful numerical algorithms of the 20th century and has found numerous applications in many branches of computational science and engineering. The FFT algorithm can be derived from a…

Due to the popularity of portable document format (PDF) and increasing number of vulnerabilities in major PDF viewer applications, malware writers continue to use it to deliver malware via web downloads, email attachments and other methods…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides an information-theoretic way of securely exchanging secret keys, and typically relies on pre-shared keys or public keys for message authentication. To lift the requirement of pre-shared or public…

Long-distance quantum key distribution (QKD) has long time seriously relied on trusted relay or quantum repeater, which either has security threat or is far from practical implementation. Recently, a solution called twin-field (TF) QKD and…

In this work we investigate an importance sampling approach for evaluating policies for a structurally time-varying factored Markov decision process (MDP), i.e. the policy's value is estimated with a high-probability confidence interval. In…

Every day, millions of credit cards are swiped and transactions are carried out across the world. Due to numerous forms of unethical digital activities, users are vulnerable to credit card fraud, phishing, identity theft, etc. This paper…