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Related papers: Multi-Factor Key Derivation Function (MFKDF) for F…

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The Multi-Factor Key Derivation Function (MFKDF) offered a novel solution to the classic problem of usable client-side key management by incorporating multiple popular authentication factors into a key derivation process, but was later…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Colin Roberts , Vivek Nair , Dawn Song

Multi-Factor Authentication is intended to strengthen the security of password-based authentication by adding another factor, such as hardware tokens or one-time passwords using mobile apps. However, this increased authentication security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Sabrina Amft , Sandra Höltervennhoff , Nicolas Huaman , Alexander Krause , Lucy Simko , Yasemin Acar , Sascha Fahl

While password managers are a vital tool for internet security, they can also create a massive central point of failure, as evidenced by several major recent data breaches. For over 20 years, deterministic password generators (DPGs) have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Vivek Nair , Dawn Song

Since the introduction of bcrypt in 1999, adaptive password hashing functions, whereby brute-force resistance increases symmetrically with computational difficulty for legitimate users, have been our most powerful post-breach countermeasure…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Vivek Nair , Dawn Song

The majority of systems rely on user authentication on passwords, but passwords have so many weaknesses and widespread use that easily raise significant security concerns, regardless of their encrypted form. Users hold the same password for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-22 Vassilis Papaspirou , Leandros Maglaras , Mohamed Amine Ferrag , Ioanna Kantzavelou , Helge Janicke , Christos Douligeris

This work focuses on the problem of detection and prevention of stolen and misused secrets (such as private keys) for authentication toward centralized services. We propose a solution for such a problem based on the blockchain-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Jozef Drga , Ivan Homoliak , Juraj Vančo , Martin Perešíni , Petr Hanáček

Considering computer systems, security is the major concern with usability. Security policies need to be developed to protect information from unauthorized access. Passwords and secrete codes used between users and information systems for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-02-27 Sharayu A. Aghav , RajneeshKaur Bedi

To prevent password breaches and guessing attacks, banks increasingly turn to two-factor authentication (2FA), requiring users to present at least one more factor, such as a one-time password generated by a hardware token or received via…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-01-20 Kat Krol , Eleni Philippou , Emiliano De Cristofaro , M. Angela Sasse

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) provides us a powerful approach to resist all attacks at detection side. Besides the unconditional security, people also seek for high key generation rate, but MDI-QKD has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-22 Yu-Fei Yan , Lan Zhou , Wei Zhong , Yu-Bo Sheng

Nowadays, cyberattacks are growing exponentially, causing havoc to Internet users. In particular, authentication attacks constitute the major attack vector where intruders impersonate legitimate users to maliciously access systems or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Ang Kok Wee , Eyasu Getahun Chekole , Jianying Zhou

Traditional single-factor authentication possesses several critical security vulnerabilities due to single-point failure feature. Multi-factor authentication (MFA), intends to enhance security by providing additional verification steps.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-19 Sanchari Das , Bingxing Wang , L. Jean Camp

Password managers are important tools that enable us to use stronger passwords, freeing us from the cognitive burden of remembering them. Despite this, there are still many users who do not fully trust password managers. In this paper, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Miguel Grilo , João F. Ferreira , José Bacelar Almeida

Password-based authentication faces various security and usability issues. Password managers help alleviate some of these issues by enabling users to manage their passwords effectively. However, malicious client-side scripts and browser…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Anuj Gautam , Tarun Kumar Yadav , Kent Seamons , Scott Ruoti

Privacy amplification (PA) is a vital procedure in quantum key distribution (QKD) to generate the secret key that the eavesdropper has only negligible information from the identical correcting key for the communicating parties. With the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-24 Qiong Li , Bing-Ze Yan , Hao-Kun Mao , Xiao-Feng Xue

Single-factor password-based authentication is generally the norm to access on-line Web-sites. While single-factor authentication is well known to be a weak form of authentication, a further concern arises when considering the possibility…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-01-30 Simone Raponi , Roberto Di Pietro

With the rise of sophisticated authentication bypass techniques, passwords are no longer considered a reliable method for securing authentication systems. In recent years, new authentication technologies have shifted from traditional…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Lien Tran , Boyuan Zhang , Ratchanon Pawanja , Rashid Hussain Khokhar

Security vulnerabilities of traditional single factor authentication has become a major concern for security practitioners and researchers. To mitigate single point failures, new and technologically advanced Multi-Factor Authentication…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-19 Sanchari Das , Bingxing Wang , Zachary Tingle , L. Jean Camp

Federated authentication can drastically reduce the overhead of basic account maintenance while simultaneously improving overall system security. Integrating with the user's more frequently used account at their primary organization both…

Two-factor authentication (2F) aims to enhance resilience of password-based authentication by requiring users to provide an additional authentication factor, e.g., a code generated by a security token. However, it also introduces…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-02-03 Emiliano De Cristofaro , Honglu Du , Julien Freudiger , Greg Norcie

Since many applications and services require pseudorandom numbers (PRNs), it is feasible to generate specific PRNs under given key values and input messages using Key Derivation Functions (KDFs). These KDFs are primarily constructed based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Abel C. H. Chen
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