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Clustering, a fundamental activity in unsupervised learning, is notoriously difficult when the feature space is high-dimensional. Fortunately, in many realistic scenarios, only a handful of features are relevant in distinguishing clusters.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-23 Zhiyue Zhang , Kenneth Lange , Jason Xu

Clustering is considered a non-supervised learning setting, in which the goal is to partition a collection of data points into disjoint clusters. Often a bound $k$ on the number of clusters is given or assumed by the practitioner. Many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-02-01 Nir Ailon , Ron Begleiter

Although data-driven fault diagnosis methods have been widely applied, massive labeled data are required for model training. However, a difficulty of implementing this in real industries hinders the application of these methods. Hence, an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Tongda Sun , Gang Yu

We present a novel notion of outlier, called the Concentration Free Outlier Factor, or CFOF. As a main contribution, we formalize the notion of concentration of outlier scores and theoretically prove that CFOF does not concentrate in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-18 Fabrizio Angiulli

Subspace clustering is the problem of partitioning unlabeled data points into a number of clusters so that data points within one cluster lie approximately on a low-dimensional linear subspace. In many practical scenarios, the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-01-24 Yining Wang , Yu-Xiang Wang , Aarti Singh

In the graph clustering problem with a planted solution, the input is a graph on $n$ vertices partitioned into $k$ clusters, and the task is to infer the clusters from graph structure. A standard assumption is that clusters induce…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Hendrik Fichtenberger , Michael Kapralov , Ekaterina Kochetkova , Silvio Lattanzi , Davide Mazzali , Weronika Wrzos-Kaminska

In recent years, the usage of ensemble learning in applications has grown significantly due to increasing computational power allowing the training of large ensembles in reasonable time frames. Many applications, e.g., malware detection,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-18 Peter Domanski , Dirk Pflüger , Jochen Rivoir , Raphaël Latty

We propose a simple and efficient clustering method for high-dimensional data with a large number of clusters. Our algorithm achieves high-performance by evaluating distances of datapoints with a subset of the cluster centres. Our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Georgios Exarchakis , Omar Oubari , Gregor Lenz

Trajectory clustering is an important operation of knowledge discovery from mobility data. Especially nowadays, the need for performing advanced analytic operations over massively produced data, such as mobility traces, in efficient and…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Panagiotis Tampakis , Nikos Pelekis , Christos Doulkeridis , Yannis Theodoridis

Semi-supervised learning is the problem of training an accurate predictive model by combining a small labeled dataset with a presumably much larger unlabeled dataset. Many methods for semi-supervised deep learning have been developed,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Sumeet Menon , David Chapman

Clustering stands as one of the most prominent challenges in unsupervised machine learning. Among centroid-based methods, the classic $k$-means algorithm, based on Lloyd's heuristic, is widely used. Nonetheless, it is a well-known fact that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-30 Supratik Basu , Jyotishka Ray Choudhury , Debolina Paul , Swagatam Das

It is essential for safety-critical applications of deep neural networks to determine when new inputs are significantly different from the training distribution. In this paper, we explore this out-of-distribution (OOD) detection problem for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Poulami Sinhamahapatra , Rajat Koner , Karsten Roscher , Stephan Günnemann

Clustering algorithms have long been the topic of research, representing the more popular side of unsupervised learning. Since clustering analysis is one of the best ways to find some clarity and structure within raw data, this paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Naitik Gada

Data clustering, the task of grouping observations according to their similarity, is a key component of unsupervised learning -- with real world applications in diverse fields such as biology, medicine, and social science. Often in these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Anne Sophie Riis Damstrup , Sofie Tosti Madsen , Michele Coscia

Whilst contrastive learning has recently brought notable benefits to deep clustering of unlabelled images by learning sample-specific discriminative visual features, its potential for explicitly inferring class decision boundaries is less…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Jiabo Huang , Shaogang Gong

Clustering is the task of gathering similar data samples into clusters without using any predefined labels. It has been widely studied in machine learning literature, and recent advancements in deep learning have revived interest in this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Mohammadreza Sadeghi , Hadi Hojjati , Narges Armanfard

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is critical to ensure the safe deployment of deep learning models in critical applications. Deep learning models can often misidentify OOD samples as in-distribution (ID) samples. This vulnerability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Sudarshan Regmi

Semi-supervised object detection (SSOD) has made significant progress with the development of pseudo-label-based end-to-end methods. However, many of these methods face challenges due to class imbalance, which hinders the effectiveness of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Purbayan Kar , Vishal Chudasama , Naoyuki Onoe , Pankaj Wasnik

Clustering is a widely used technique in data mining applications for discovering patterns in underlying data. Most traditional clustering algorithms are limited to handling datasets that contain either numeric or categorical attributes.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Zengyou He , Xiaofei Xu , Shengchun Deng

This paper presents a simple but effective density-based outlier detection approach with the local kernel density estimation (KDE). A Relative Density-based Outlier Score (RDOS) is introduced to measure the local outlierness of objects, in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-06-29 Bo Tang , Haibo He