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Model-based approaches have become increasingly popular in the domain of automated driving. This includes runtime algorithms, such as Model Predictive Control, as well as formal and simulative approaches for the verification of automated…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-12 Marcus Nolte , Richard Schubert , Cordula Reisch , Markus Maurer

This paper presents the development of a real-time simulator for the validation of controlling a large vehicle manipulator. The need for this development can be justified by the lack of such a simulator: There are neither open source…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Balint Varga , Selina Meier , Soeren Hohmann

Traditional methods for developing and evaluating autonomous driving functions, such as model-in-the-loop (MIL) and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulations, heavily depend on the accuracy of simulated vehicle models and human factors,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Haochong Chen , Xincheng Cao , Levent Guvenc , Bilin Aksun Guvenc

Significant challenges are posed by simulation and testing in the field of low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) traffic due to the high costs associated with large-scale UAV testing and the complexity of establishing low-altitude…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Zonghan Li , Tianwen Tao , Rao Fu , Liang Wang , Dongyuan Zhang , Quan Quan

We introduce a novel simulation-based approach to identify hazards that result from unexpected worker behavior in human-robot collaboration. Simulation-based safety testing must take into account the fact that human behavior is variable and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Tom P. Huck , Christoph Ledermann , Torsten Kröger

Autonomous driving vehicles provide a vast potential for realizing use cases in the on-road and off-road domains. Consequently, remarkable solutions exist to autonomous systems' environmental perception and control. Nevertheless, proof of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Patrick Wolf

In this article, we report on the design and evaluation of an external human-machine interface (eHMI) for a real autonomous vehicle (AV), developed to operate as a shared transport pod in a pedestrianized urban space. We present insights…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Marius Hoggenmueller , Martin Tomitsch , Stewart Worrall

The development of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) offers substantial opportunities to enhance traffic efficiency. However, in mixed autonomy environments where CAVs coexist with human-driven vehicles (HDVs), achieving efficient…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Lu Liu , Chi Xie , Xi Xiong

Due to the complexity of the natural world, a programmer cannot foresee all possible situations, a connected and autonomous vehicle (CAV) will face during its operation, and hence, CAVs will need to learn to make decisions autonomously. Due…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2018-08-24 Varuna De Silva , Xiongzhao Wang , Deniz Aladagli , Ahmet Kondoz , Erhan Ekmekcioglu

For future human-autonomous vehicle (AV) interactions to be effective and smooth, human-aware systems that analyze and align human needs with automation decisions are essential. Achieving this requires systems that account for human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Zahra Zahedi , Shashank Mehrotra , Teruhisa Misu , Kumar Akash

Simulation has played an important role in efficiently evaluating self-driving vehicles in terms of scalability. Existing methods mostly rely on heuristic-based simulation, where traffic participants follow certain human-encoded rules that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-08-10 Wei-Jer Chang , Yeping Hu , Chenran Li , Wei Zhan , Masayoshi Tomizuka

Accurate modelling of road user interaction has received lot of attention in recent years due to the advent of increasingly automated vehicles. To support such modelling, there is a need to complement naturalistic datasets of road user…

Accurate modeling of lower-level controller plays an important role in the traffic flow of automated vehicles (AVs). However, there lacks enough attention with this respect. To address this issue, we conduct a field experiment with two…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-11-01 Hua-Qing Liu , Shi-Teng Zheng , Rui Jiang , Junfang Tian , Ruidong Yan , Fang Zhang , Dezhao Zhang

With continuous advancements in science and technology, there is increasing focus on environmental sustainability, leading to heightened interest in autonomous electric vehicles (AEVs). AEVs hold significant potential for enhancing electric…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-19 Qasim Ajao , Lanre Sadeeq

Safety validation of autonomous driving systems is extremely challenging due to the high risks and costs of real-world testing as well as the rarity and diversity of potential failures. To address these challenges, we train a denoising…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Juanran Wang , Marc R. Schlichting , Harrison Delecki , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Automated vehicle acceptance (AVA) has been measured mostly subjectively by questionnaires and interviews, with a main focus on drivers inside automated vehicles (AVs). To ensure that AVs are widely accepted by the public, ensuring the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Neeraja Bhide , Nanami Hashimoto , Kazimierz Dokurno , Chris Van der Hoorn , Sascha Hoogendoorn-Lanser , Sina Nordhoff

Suppose in a stable urban traffic system populated only by human driven vehicles (HDVs), a given proportion (e.g. 10%) is replaced by a fleet of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs), which share information and pursue a collective goal.…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Grzegorz Jamróz , Ahmet Onur Akman , Anastasia Psarou , Zoltán Györgi Varga , Rafał Kucharski

Understanding occupant-vehicle interactions by modeling control transitions is important to ensure safe approaches to passenger vehicle automation. Models which contain contextual, semantically meaningful representations of driver states…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Akshay Rangesh , Nachiket Deo , Ross Greer , Pujitha Gunaratne , Mohan M. Trivedi

Traffic intersections are important scenes that can be seen almost everywhere in the traffic system. Currently, most simulation methods perform well at highways and urban traffic networks. In intersection scenarios, the challenge lies in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Pei Lv , Xinming Pei , Xinyu Ren , Yuzhen Zhang , Chaochao Li , Mingliang Xu

Data for training learning-enabled self-driving cars in the physical world are typically collected in a safe, normal environment. Such data distribution often engenders a strong bias towards safe driving, making self-driving cars unprepared…

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