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Equational reasoning is central to quantum circuit optimisation and verification: one replaces subcircuits by provably equivalent ones using a fixed set of rewrite rules viewed as equations. A finite rule set is most informative when it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Colin Blake

Probabilistic circuits (PCs) are a unifying representation for probabilistic models that support tractable inference. Numerous applications of PCs like controllable text generation depend on the ability to efficiently multiply two circuits.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Honghua Zhang , Benjie Wang , Marcelo Arenas , Guy Van den Broeck

Most classical results in circuit complexity theory concern circuits over the Boolean domain. Besides their simplicity and the ease of comparing different languages, the actual architecture of computers is also an important motivating…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Piotr Kawałek , Jacek Krzaczkowski

Circuit quantization is an extraordinarily successful theory that describes the behavior of quantum circuits with high precision. The most widely used approach of circuit quantization relies on introducing a classical Lagrangian whose…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-12 Andrew Osborne , Trevyn Larson , Sarah Jones , Ray W. Simmonds , András Gyenis , Andrew Lucas

Random instances of feedforward Boolean circuits are studied both analytically and numerically. Evaluating these circuits is known to be a P-complete problem and thus, in the worst case, believed to be impossible to perform, even given a…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2011-07-25 Jon Machta , Simon DeDeo , Stephan Mertens , Cristopher Moore

Path sums are a convenient symbolic formalism for quantum operations with applications to the simulation, optimization, and verification of quantum protocols. Unlike quantum circuits, path sums are not limited to unitary operations, but can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-16 Matthew Amy , Owen Bennett-Gibbs , Neil J. Ross

We use algebraic geometry to study matrix rigidity, and more generally, the complexity of computing a matrix-vector product, continuing a study initiated by Kumar, et. al. We (i) exhibit many non-obvious equations testing for (border)…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-03-11 Fulvio Gesmundo , Jonathan Hauenstein , Christian Ikenmeyer , JM Landsberg

We have developed a notion of global bisimulation distance between processes which goes somehow beyond the notions of bisimulation distance already existing in the literature, mainly based on bisimulation games. Our proposal is based on the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-12-23 David Romero-Hernández , David de Frutos-Escrig , Dario Della Monica

Polygonal billiards exhibit a rich and complex dynamical behavior. In recent years polygonal billiards have attracted great attention due to their application in the understanding of anomalous transport, but also at the fundamental level,…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2024-05-14 Jordan Orchard , Federico Frascoli , Lamberto Rondoni , Carlos Mejía-Monasterio

An arrangement of pseudocircles is a finite set of oriented closed Jordan curves each two of which cross each other in exactly two points. To describe the combinatorial structure of arrangements on closed orientable surfaces, in (Linhart,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Ronald Ortner

Qutrit (or ternary) structures arise naturally in many quantum systems, particularly in certain non-abelian anyon systems. We present efficient circuits for ternary reversible and quantum arithmetics. Our main result is the derivation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-13 Alex Bocharov , Shawn X. Cui , Martin Roetteler , Krysta M. Svore

We establish a direct connection between spread complexity and quantum circuit complexity by demonstrating that spread complexity emerges as a limiting case of a circuit complexity framework built from two fundamental operations:…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-19 Cameron Beetar , Eric L Graef , Jeff Murugan , Horatiu Nastase , Hendrik J R Van Zyl

Hypermaps were introduced as an algebraic tool for the representation of embeddings of graphs on an orientable surface. Recently a bijection was given between hypermaps and indecomposable permutations; this sheds new light on the subject by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-12-03 Robert Cori

Mixture models are traditionally represented and learned by adding several distributions as components. Allowing mixtures to subtract probability mass or density can drastically reduce the number of components needed to model complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Lorenzo Loconte , Aleksanteri M. Sladek , Stefan Mengel , Martin Trapp , Arno Solin , Nicolas Gillis , Antonio Vergari

We introduce a new formalism and a number of new results in the context of geometric computational vision. The classical scope of the research in geometric computer vision is essentially limited to static configurations of points and lines…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-07-13 Michael Fryers , Jeremy Yirmeyahu Kaminski , Mina Teicher

We study proportions of consecutive occurrences of permutations of a given size. Specifically, the limit of such proportions on large permutations forms a region, called \emph{feasible region}. We show that this feasible region is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-01-22 Jacopo Borga , Raul Penaguiao

We study proportions of consecutive occurrences of permutations of a given size. Specifically, the feasible limits of such proportions on large permutations form a region, called feasible region. We show that this feasible region is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-11-10 Jacopo Borga , Raul Penaguiao

We introduce the first complete equational theory for quantum circuits. More precisely, we introduce a set of circuit equations that we prove to be sound and complete: two circuits represent the same unitary map if and only if they can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-15 Alexandre Clément , Nicolas Heurtel , Shane Mansfield , Simon Perdrix , Benoît Valiron

Except for Koshy who devotes seven pages to applications of Fibonacci Numbers to electric circuits, most books and the Fibonacci Quarterly have been relatively silent on applications of graphs and electric circuits to Fibonacci numbers.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-27 Emily J. Evans , Russell J. Hendel

Circuit discovery and activation steering in transformers have developed as separate research threads, yet both operate on the same representational space. Are they two views of the same underlying structure? We show they follow a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Andres Saurez , Neha Sengar , Dongsoo Har