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The primary purpose of this paper is to present the concept of dichotomy in image illumination modeling based on the power function. In particular, we review several mathematical properties of the power function to identify the limitations…
Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) has shown great potential and promising applications in advanced imaging fields for its capabilities of material decomposition. However, image reconstructions and decompositions under sparse views…
Reconstructing three-dimensional (3D) structures from two-dimensional (2D) X-ray images is a valuable and efficient technique in medical applications that requires less radiation exposure than computed tomography scans. Recent approaches…
Richardson-Lucy deconvolution is widely used to restore images from degradation caused by the broadening effects of a point spread function and corruption by photon shot noise, in order to recover an underlying object. In practice, this is…
In this paper, we propose a Bayesian spectral deconvolution considering the properties of peaks in different energy domains. Bayesian spectral deconvolution regresses spectral data into the sum of multiple basis functions. Conventional…
Information compression plays a central role in diverse fields of modern science and technology, from communication theory to machine learning. In condensed-matter physics, the intermediate representation (IR) basis has recently been…
Chest X-ray radiography is one of the earliest medical imaging technologies and remains one of the most widely-used for diagnosis, screening, and treatment follow up of diseases related to lungs and heart. The literature in this field of…
We investigate the influence of axion dark matter as a background on the spin-independent axion forces between nucleons. Notably, we find that the potential for axion forces scales from $1/r^3$ in a vacuum-only context to $1/r$ when the…
The great advances of learning-based approaches in image processing and computer vision are largely based on deeply nested networks that compose linear transfer functions with suitable non-linearities. Interestingly, the most frequently…
X-ray diffraction is ideal for probing sub-surface state during complex or rapid thermomechanical loading of crystalline materials. However, challenges arise as the size of diffraction volumes increases due to spatial broadening and…
The translation of an early (1957), Russian article on the development of x-ray computed tomography is provided. The article demonstrates a principle possibility of determining the local attenuation coefficient in every element of a…
X-ray radiography is the most readily available imaging modality and has a broad range of applications that spans from diagnosis to intra-operative guidance in cardiac, orthopedics, and trauma procedures. Proper interpretation of the hidden…
Approximation theory plays an important role in image processing, especially image deconvolution and decomposition. For piecewise smooth images, there are many methods that have been developed over the past thirty years. The goal of this…
To guide surgical and medical treatment X-ray images have been used by physicians in every modern healthcare organization and hospitals. Doctor's evaluation process and disease identification in the area of skeletal system can be performed…
The deformable registration of images of different modalities, essential in many medical imaging applications, remains challenging. The main challenge is developing a robust measure for image overlap despite the compared images capturing…
Multi-modal MRIs are widely used in neuroimaging applications since different MR sequences provide complementary information about brain structures. Recent works have suggested that multi-modal deep learning analysis can benefit from…
We consider the very challenging task of restoring images (i) which have a large number of missing pixels, (ii) whose existing pixels are corrupted by noise and (iii) the ideal image to be restored contains both cartoon and texture…
X-ray parametric down-conversion is a fundamental nonlinear effect that promises a wide range of possible applications. Nevertheless, it has been scarcely investigated and unequivocal evidence of the effect is still missing for certain…
We reexamine the recently introduced basis-set correction theory based on density-functional theory consisting in correcting the basis-set incompleteness error of wave-function methods using a density functional. We use a one-dimensional…
Multiple reflection of X-rays may be important when an accretion disc and its hot corona have a complicated geometry, or if returning radiation due to gravitational light bending is important, or in emission from a funnel such as proposed…