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Recent innovations in x-ray technology (namely phase-based and energy-resolved imaging) offer unprecedented opportunities for material discrimination, however they are often used in isolation or in limited combinations. Here we show that…

In the context of difference image analysis (DIA), we present a new method for determining the convolution kernel matching a pair of images of the same field. Unlike the standard DIA technique which involves modelling the kernel as a linear…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 D. M. Bramich

Scintillators have been widely used in X-ray imaging due to their ability to convert high-energy radiation into visible light, making them essential for applications such as medical imaging and high-energy physics. Recent advances in the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-04-14 Seokhwan Min , Seou Choi , Simo Pajovic , Sachin Vaidya , Nicholas Rivera , Shanhui Fan , Marin Soljačić , Charles Roques-Carmes

Harmonic lasing in a free electron laser with a planar undulator (under the condition that the fundamental frequency is suppressed) might be a cheap and efficient way of extension of wavelength ranges of existing and planned X-ray FEL…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2015-06-05 E. A. Schneidmiller , M. V. Yurkov

Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) has been widely used to obtain quantitative elemental composition of imaged subjects for personalized and precise medical diagnosis. Compared with DECT leveraging advanced X-ray source and/or detector…

Medical Physics · Physics 2024-08-28 Qiaoxin Li , Ruifeng Chen , Peng Wang , Guotao Quan , Yanfeng Du , Dong Liang , Yinsheng Li

X-ray energy spectrum plays an essential role in computed tomography (CT) imaging and related tasks. Due to the high photon flux of clinical CT scanners, most of spectrum estimation methods are indirect and usually suffered from various…

Medical Physics · Physics 2017-06-14 Wei Zhao , Lei Xing , Qiude Zhang , Qingguo Xie , Tianye Niu

Dark-field imaging based on grating interferometry is an emerging X-ray modality in medical imaging, which is particularly capable of providing complementary diagnostic information by visualizing the microstructural properties of lung…

Medical Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Longchao Men , Peiyuan Guo , Jincheng Lu , Yan Xu , Hongxia Yin , Zhenchang Wang , Li Zhang , Zhentian Wang

Material decomposition refers to using the energy dependence of material physical properties to differentiate materials in a sample, which is a very important application in computed tomography(CT). In propagation-based X-ray phase-contrast…

Medical Physics · Physics 2023-12-01 Suyu Liao , Huitao Zhang , Peng Zhang , Yining Zhu

Dual-energy computed tomography (CT) is to reconstruct images of an object from two projection datasets generated from two distinct x-ray source energy spectra. It can provide more accurate attenuation quantification than conventional CT…

Medical Physics · Physics 2018-05-15 Wenxiang Cong , Daniel Harrison , Yan Xi , Ge Wang

Dual-energy X-ray Computed Tomography (DECT) constitutes an advanced technology which enables automatic decomposition of materials in clinical images without manual segmentation using the dependency of the X-ray linear attenuation with…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-25 Hang Xu , Alexandre Bousse , Alessandro Perelli

Many clinical applications depend critically on the accurate differentiation and classification of different types of materials in patient anatomy. This work introduces a unified framework for accurate nonlinear material decomposition and…

Medical Physics · Physics 2018-03-19 Wei Zhao , Don Vernekohl , Fei Han , Bin Han , Hao Peng , Lei Xing , James K Min

Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum imaging yields compositional information with a spatial resolution down to the atomic level. However, experimental limitations often produce extremely sparse and noisy EDX spectra. Under such…

Infrared image helps improve the perception capabilities of autonomous driving in complex weather conditions such as fog, rain, and low light. However, infrared image often suffers from low contrast, especially in non-heat-emitting targets…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Siyuan Chai , Xiaodong Guo , Tong Liu

We present a new Bayesian methodology to learn the unknown material density of a given sample by inverting its two-dimensional images that are taken with a Scanning Electron Microscope. An image results from a sequence of projections of the…

Applications · Statistics 2014-03-06 Dalia Chakrabarty , Fabio Rigat , Nare Gabrielyan , Richard Beanland , Shashi Paul

In image fusion tasks, an ideal image decomposition method can bring better performance. MDLatLRR has done a great job in this aspect, but there is still exist some space for improvement. Considering that MDLatLRR focuses solely on the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-09 Xu Song , Tianyu Shen , Hui Li , Xiao-Jun Wu

A mixed basis approach based on density functional theory is employed for low dimensional systems. The basis functions are taken to be plane waves for the periodic direction multiplied by B-spline polynomials in the non-periodic direction.…

Computational Physics · Physics 2015-05-20 Chung-Yuan Ren , Chen-Shiung Hsue , Yia-Chung Chang

In this study, we applied Bayesian inference for extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) to select an appropriate basis from among Fourier, wavelet and advanced Fourier bases, and we extracted a radial distribution function (RDF)…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2021-05-07 Yasuhiko Igarashi , Fabio Iesari , Hiroyuki Setoyama , Toshihiro Okajima , Hiroyuki Kumazoe , Ichiro Akai , Masato Okada

Precise knowledge of X-ray diffraction profile shape is crucial in the investigation of the properties of matter in crystals powder. Line-broadening analysis is a pre-processing step in most of the full powder pattern fitting softwares.…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 M. Ladisa , A. Lamura , T. Laudadio , G. Nico

We describe a method aiming at increasing the dynamic range of X-ray detectors. Two X-ray exposures of an object are acquired at different dose levels and constitute the only input data. The values of the parameters which are needed to…

Medical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Evangelos Matsinos , Wolfgang Kaissl

X-ray energy spectrum plays an essential role in imaging and related tasks. Due to the high photon flux of clinical CT scanners, most of the spectrum estimation methods are indirect and are usually suffered from various limitations. The…

Medical Physics · Physics 2016-04-19 Wei Zhao , Qiude Zhang , Tianye Niu