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Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel in solving text-based mathematical problems, but they struggle with mathematical diagrams since they are primarily trained on natural scene images. For humans, visual aids generally enhance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Wenwen Zhuang , Xin Huang , Xiantao Zhang , Jin Zeng

Automatically generating high-quality step-by-step solutions to math word problems has many applications in education. Recently, combining large language models (LLMs) with external tools to perform complex reasoning and calculation has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Joy He-Yueya , Gabriel Poesia , Rose E. Wang , Noah D. Goodman

How can we measure the reasoning capabilities of intelligence systems? Visual question answering provides a convenient framework for testing the model's abilities by interrogating the model through questions about the scene. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Spyridon Mouselinos , Henryk Michalewski , Mateusz Malinowski

Visual Language Models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across tasks, including visual question answering and image captioning. However, most models rely on text-based instructions, limiting their effectiveness in human-machine…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Tan-Hanh Pham , Hoang-Nam Le , Phu-Vinh Nguyen , Chris Ngo , Truong-Son Hy

In this paper, we present our solution for SMART-101 Challenge of CVPR Multi-modal Algorithmic Reasoning Task 2024. Unlike traditional visual questions and answer tasks, this challenge evaluates abstraction, deduction and generalization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Zijian Zhang , Wei Liu

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has been successfully applied to significantly boost the capabilities of pretrained large language models, especially in the math and logic problem domains. However, current research and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Konstantin Dobler , Simon Lehnerer , Federico Scozzafava , Jonathan Janke , Mohamed Ali

Robotics tasks are highly compositional by nature. For example, to perform a high-level task like cleaning the table a robot must employ low-level capabilities of moving the effectors to the objects on the table, pick them up and then move…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Sanjay Haresh , Daniel Dijkman , Apratim Bhattacharyya , Roland Memisevic

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in visual mathematical reasoning across various existing benchmarks. However, these benchmarks are predominantly based on clean or processed multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Jun Feng , Zixin Wang , Zhentao Zhang , Yue Guo , Zhihan Zhou , Xiuyi Chen , Zhenyang Li , Dawei Yin

Visual question answering (VQA) is a task that combines both the techniques of computer vision and natural language processing. It requires models to answer a text-based question according to the information contained in a visual. In recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Yeyun Zou , Qiyu Xie

Inferring and Executing Programs for Visual Reasoning proposes a model for visual reasoning that consists of a program generator and an execution engine to avoid end-to-end models. To show that the model actually learns which objects to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-01-17 Wenda Qiu , Yueyang Xianzang , Zhekai Zhang

Building a universal Video-Language model for solving various video understanding tasks (\emph{e.g.}, text-video retrieval, video question answering) is an open challenge to the machine learning field. Towards this goal, most recent works…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Jingjia Huang , Yinan Li , Jiashi Feng , Xinglong Wu , Xiaoshuai Sun , Rongrong Ji

Visual Question Answering (VQA) methods have made incredible progress, but suffer from a failure to generalize. This is visible in the fact that they are vulnerable to learning coincidental correlations in the data rather than deeper…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-27 Xinyu Wang , Yuliang Liu , Chunhua Shen , Chun Chet Ng , Canjie Luo , Lianwen Jin , Chee Seng Chan , Anton van den Hengel , Liangwei Wang

Open-source multimodal large language models (MLLMs) excel in various tasks involving textual and visual inputs but still struggle with complex multimodal mathematical reasoning, lagging behind proprietary models like GPT-4V(ision) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Mengzhao Jia , Zhihan Zhang , Wenhao Yu , Fangkai Jiao , Meng Jiang

This paper presents a new model for the task of scene text visual question answering, in which questions about a given image can only be answered by reading and understanding scene text that is present in it. The proposed model is based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Lluís Gómez , Ali Furkan Biten , Rubèn Tito , Andrés Mafla , Marçal Rusiñol , Ernest Valveny , Dimosthenis Karatzas

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved notable gains in various tasks by incorporating Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning in language spaces. Recent work extends this direction by leveraging external tools for visual editing,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Bangzheng Li , Ximeng Sun , Jiang Liu , Ze Wang , Jialian Wu , Xiaodong Yu , Hao Chen , Emad Barsoum , Muhao Chen , Zicheng Liu

Multimodal Small-to-Medium sized Language Models (MSLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in integrating visual and textual information but still face significant limitations in visual comprehension and mathematical reasoning,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Ashutosh Bajpai , Akshat Bhandari , Akshay Nambi , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Real-world reasoning often requires combining information across modalities, connecting textual context with visual cues in a multi-hop process. Yet, most multimodal benchmarks fail to capture this ability: they typically rely on single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Junyoung Sung , Seungwoo Lyu , Minjun Kim , Sumin An , Arsha Nagrani , Paul Hongsuck Seo

Deep models that are both effective and explainable are desirable in many settings; prior explainable models have been unimodal, offering either image-based visualization of attention weights or text-based generation of post-hoc…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-23 Dong Huk Park , Lisa Anne Hendricks , Zeynep Akata , Anna Rohrbach , Bernt Schiele , Trevor Darrell , Marcus Rohrbach

Current Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Large Models (LVLMs) excel in single-turn tasks but face significant challenges in multi-turn interactions requiring deep contextual understanding and complex visual reasoning, often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Weijie Shen , Xinrui Wang , Yuanqi Nie , Apiradee Boonmee

Visual question answering (VQA) has been gaining a lot of traction in the machine learning community in the recent years due to the challenges posed in understanding information coming from multiple modalities (i.e., images, language). In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Muralikrishnna G. Sethuraman , Ali Payani , Faramarz Fekri , J. Clayton Kerce