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Time series interpretation aims to provide an explanation of what is observed in terms of its underlying processes. The present work is based on the assumption that the common classification-based approaches to time series interpretation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Tomás Teijeiro , Paulo Félix

The lack of interpretability remains a key barrier to the adoption of deep models in many applications. In this work, we explicitly regularize deep models so human users might step through the process behind their predictions in little…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-17 Mike Wu , Michael C. Hughes , Sonali Parbhoo , Maurizio Zazzi , Volker Roth , Finale Doshi-Velez

We introduce TD-Interpreter, a specialized ML tool that assists engineers in understanding complex timing diagrams (TDs), originating from a third party, during their design and verification process. TD-Interpreter is a visual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Jie He , Vincent Theo Willem Kenbeek , Zhantao Yang , Meixun Qu , Ezio Bartocci , Dejan Ničković , Radu Grosu

Deep learning-based vision is characterized by intricate frameworks that often necessitate a profound understanding, presenting a barrier to newcomers and limiting broad adoption. With many researchers grappling with the constraints of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Fabi Prezja

This paper targets two transformer attention based interpretability methods working with local abstraction and global representation, in the context of time series data. We distinguish local and global contexts, and provide a comprehensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Leonid Schwenke , Martin Atzmueller

Interpreto is an open-source Python library for interpreting HuggingFace language models, from early BERT variants to LLMs. It provides two complementary families of methods: attribution methods and concept-based explanations. The library…

Time series forecasting aims to model temporal dependencies among variables for future state inference, holding significant importance and widespread applications in real-world scenarios. Although deep learning-based methods have achieved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Zesen Wang , Lijuan Lan , Yonggang Li

Discovering shapelets -- i.e., discriminative temporal patterns within time series -- has been widely studied to address the inherent complexity of time-series classification (TSC) and to make model decision-making processes more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Seongjun Lee , Seokhyun Lee , Changhee Lee

Time series forecasting is a critical task that provides key information for decision-making. After traditional statistical and machine learning approaches, various fundamental deep learning architectures such as MLPs, CNNs, RNNs, and GNNs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Jongseon Kim , Hyungjoon Kim , HyunGi Kim , Dongjun Lee , Sungroh Yoon

In time-series domains where both predictive performance and interpretability are essential, deep neural networks achieve strong results but provide limited insight into how their predictions are made. Projection-based prototype networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Steven Song , Sahil Sethi , Brett Beaulieu-Jones , Robert L. Grossman

Time series forecasting has applications across domains and industries, especially in healthcare, but the technical expertise required to analyze data, build models, and interpret results can be a barrier to using these techniques. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Aaron D. Mullen , Daniel R. Harris , Svetla Slavova , V. K. Cody Bumgardner

Time series forecasting (TSF) has long been a crucial task in both industry and daily life. Most classical statistical models may have certain limitations when applied to practical scenarios in fields such as energy, healthcare, traffic,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Xiangjie Kong , Zhenghao Chen , Weiyao Liu , Kaili Ning , Lechao Zhang , Syauqie Muhammad Marier , Yichen Liu , Yuhao Chen , Feng Xia

Interpreting complex time series forecasting models is challenging due to the temporal dependencies between time steps and the dynamic relevance of input features over time. Existing interpretation methods are limited by focusing mostly on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Md. Khairul Islam , Judy Fox

Inference on time series data is a common requirement in many scientific disciplines and internet of things (IoT) applications, yet there are few resources available to domain scientists to easily, robustly, and repeatably build such…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2016-09-16 Brett Naul , Stéfan van der Walt , Arien Crellin-Quick , Joshua S. Bloom , Fernando Pérez

Past work in natural language processing interpretability focused mainly on popular classification tasks while largely overlooking generation settings, partly due to a lack of dedicated tools. In this work, we introduce Inseq, a Python…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Gabriele Sarti , Nils Feldhus , Ludwig Sickert , Oskar van der Wal , Malvina Nissim , Arianna Bisazza

Artificial intelligence is creating one of the biggest revolution across technology driven application fields. For the finance sector, it offers many opportunities for significant market innovation and yet broad adoption of AI systems…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2022-12-07 Marc Wildi , Branka Hadji Misheva

Medical time-series data captures the dynamic progression of patient conditions, playing a vital role in modern clinical decision support systems. However, real-world clinical data is highly heterogeneous and inconsistently formatted.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Zhongheng Jiang , Yuechao Zhao , Donglin Xie , Chenxi Sun , Rongchen Lu , Silu Luo , Zisheng Liang , Shenda Hong

Time series forecasting, while vital in various applications, often employs complex models that are difficult for humans to understand. Effective explainable AI techniques are crucial to bridging the gap between model predictions and user…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Hongnan Ma , Kevin McAreavey , Weiru Liu

In this paper, we present a novel framework for enhancing model interpretability by integrating heatmaps produced separately by ResNet and a restructured 2D Transformer with globally weighted input saliency. We address the critical problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Jiztom Kavalakkatt Francis , Matthew J Darr

We provide a novel notion of what it means to be interpretable, looking past the usual association with human understanding. Our key insight is that interpretability is not an absolute concept and so we define it relative to a target model,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-10-30 Amit Dhurandhar , Vijay Iyengar , Ronny Luss , Karthikeyan Shanmugam
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